A Quiet MFL – enabling quieter and introverted students to thrive in a languages classroom

Jan 6, 2026Jan 2, 2026 / dlh202 / Leave a comment

This post has been inspired by reading Jamie Thom’s “A Quiet Education”. Quotes are taken from the book. You can find more of his thoughts on Twitter @teachgratitude1.

As I have drafted and redrafted this blog over this year, I think it is fair to say that in places the lines between properly “introverted” and “quiet” do blur occasionally.

As a former Head of Year and an MFL teacher, Jamie Thom’s book piqued my curiosity. I quickly did an internet test assuming that as an MFL teacher, I would likely be an extrovert. It turns out I’m an ambivert. That explained a few things! As I began to read, I began to reflect on my practice and ask myself the following questions:

Do I understand how introverts feel in my lessons?

Am I allowing introverts to thrive in my Spanish lessons?

Am I enabling introverts to thrive in my Spanish lessons?

What do I need to do differently?

Introversion is not new. The earliest occurrence of the word is estimated at 1640AD and the term was popularised by Carl Jung, Hans Eysenck and other psychologists. Jamie Thom writes “introversion is mistakenly correlated with shyness…in fact, they [introverts] can be hugely skilled in social situations,, and as powerful observers they can be effective empathetic listeners.” This contrasts with the Cambridge dictionary definition “someone who is shy, quiet, and prefers to spend time alone rather than often being with other people.” Carrigan (1960) writes “An introvert can be defined as being someone who gets their energy from being in their own company, having time to ‘recharge’ on their own. Someone who is introverted may appear to be withdrawn and shy, although this may not always be the case.” A reasonable internet search suggests introverts prefer to process thoughts internally, are sociable around those they know well, can feel drained by people and tend to be more reserved with their thoughts and emotions.

To the introverts reading this, I apologise if any of the content comes across as patronising, or not reflective of your experience. It has been a really hard balance to strike while writing. Please feel free to use the comments section below to add your thoughts.

How does an introvert feel in an MFL classroom?

I think it’s unfair to speak for introverts, particularly when I am not one. This is quite a long quote from Charlotte on Quora and does not explain entirely the MFL experience, however it is quite illuminating:

“The biggest problem I had as an introvert in school was being overlooked by the teachers. I have many feelings of bitterness and resentment towards my old school and much of it can be laid at the door of the teachers and how they perceived me and my introversion.

After a couple of years of high school, I could easily predict what my school reports and teachers at parent’s evening would say:

“Charlotte is very quiet… Charlotte needs to join in with class discussions… Charlotte should raise her hand more often when the teacher asks questions…”

I knew that the teachers wanted me to speak up in class and “come out of my shell” (I hate that phrase) and I knew that I was more than capable of it. I wasn’t shy, I just didn’t want to, simple as that. Thankfully, my parents didn’t see this as a problem. I was a well-behaved, intelligent child.

I’m pretty sure that because of my ‘quietness’ and reluctance to join in with group/class activities, I was often overlooked by the teachers at school. All of the ‘cool’ things were handed out to the outgoing, extroverted kids, which seemed to reinforce the idea that being introverted was undesirable.

Jamie’s book contains similar anecdotes and stories. My main takeaways from Charlotte’s experiences that we can apply to MFL are as follows:

Introverts can feel overlooked.
Introverts may not want to participate but we risk conflating their non-participation with lack of interest or lack of effort.
Extroverted students are more likely to be rewarded.
The worst thing we can do is criticise a introverted/quiet student for being quiet. They are essentially being themselves.
In a world where we placed a lot of stock on being whoever you want to be, why are we trying to force introverts to be extroverted?

I think that the five points above are also relevant for our quieter students who may or may not be introverts.

How can we enable introverted students and quieter students to thrive in Spanish lessons?

Hopefully, understanding something of the experience, we progress to our next question: is our current practice enabling introverts to succeed? Here are some things I have tried:

Planning in speaking tasks in blocks

A number of articles about introversion highlight what we might call “people energy”. They speak of a need for some form of break after energy draining social situations. In an MFL classroom it is possible to do a lot of interaction based activities. It can be good to separate these out. For example, if doing a survey activity around the class, could students return to seats and using some sentence starters summarise their findings? Or some reflection questions around meta-cognition?

Supplemting “cold-calling” with mini-whiteboards.

I could write a whole post about mini-whiteboards and their uses. In fact, I wrote that one before publishing this one! Lemov’s “cold call” (i still can’t stand that phrase) rightly placed an emphasis on teachers finding out what a student knows. We should know what they have learnt! I don’t believe “cold-call” is always the best way to know. I have 25-30 students in my classroom at any one time. I cannot know what all of them are thinking and I know a fair few will freeze up if anything that sounds like cold-call is mentioned. Mini-whiteboards – with some routines around their use to avoid cheating etc – helps me to know what those students know without a high stakes one off question.

Offer opportunities to “show off” that are not so public

My school uses Ipads. I could write a whole post about my love/hate relationship with Ipads and one is currently in production. One thing they are good for is giving students a space to show off what they can do where no-one else is watching and receive private feedback. We use apps such as Onenote, Formative or Socrative. Onenote allows you to see students’ workbooks and you can very quickly write a comment on there. Formative – an extremely powerful quizzing app – allows the sending of feedback on any question you set. “This was the best answer in the room” is a phrase that rarely fails to bring about a smile from a more introverted student. The student probably wouldn’t want it highlighting in front of the group but they know. There is also the opportunity to quietly demand more from them. Both Onenote and Formative would also allow the submission of audio that could be recorded out of the classroom.

Socrative is a reasonably intuitive quizzing app. While it does not have the feedback capabilities of the other two, it does allow you to anonymize answers to a question and display all the answers on the screen. You can then go through who has produced what on the screen and give feedback without the need for highlighting particular students. They will know what they have written.

Nombre	Respuesta
hidden	En mi tiempo libre yo jugar futbol y ver tele.
hidden	Me gusta escuchar musica y jugar con mis amigos.
hidden	En mi tiempo libre hago los deberes y dormir mucho.
hidden	Yo voy al parque y juego videojuego.
hidden	Me gusta leer libros y ver peliculas en mi casa.
hidden	En mi tiempo libre yo tocar la guitarra y cantar.
hidden	Yo ver Netflix y comer comida.
hidden	Me gusta nadar y correr en el parque.
hidden	En mi tiempo libre juego al futbol y escucho musica.
hidden	Yo salgo con mis amigos y vamos al cine.

Private Praise

This could take any form. Live marking, a quick email home, a comment in a book, a quiet word in a lesson, a stamp in an exercise book. Recognise the effort being made. Maybe it’s the first time that your quietest student decided to put up their hand and answer or speak a sentence out loud in front of the class. Whatever it is, make sure it is meaningful. Simply psychology write: “introverts” reflective attitude and curiosity help them to strategically devise solutions and plans in their heads before acting upon them.” If you are giving feedback then make sure it has that double whammy of authentic specific praise and where appropriate provokes thought about a way forward. They may contemplate it more than some students.

Prior Warning

With the most introverted or quiet students, I will often have one-to-one conversations with them to let them know that some level of participation is coming. One line I like to use is…

“Part of my job is to know how good your Spanish is and that includes speaking. At this point in the lesson, I’m going to ask you to… does that sound ok?”

9 times out of 10 the answer is yes. This could include asking them to have a conversation or paired speaking task with their partner while I listen, ask for an answer to a question later (and name exactly which one you will call on them for), ask them to read a short piece/paragraph out loud so I can check their pronunciation. They don’t have to “perform” in front of the group and you get the opportunity to assess their speaking.

Our lessons regularly have a phase of the lesson where there is some focused speaking activity. Occasionally, I might ask a student “do you feel like you could give it a shot today?” This is generally after a lesson or two of practising the same material. I rarely find the answer is “no”. For the ones that freeze up most, I tend to ask them to do it with me.

Quiet work vs silent work

I’ve seen a lot of lessons where teachers request silence but then allow occasional chatter. It often starts with a “but i was just asking … for a pen”, however the pen soon spills over into everyday chatter. I’ve found it useful over the years to differentiate between quiet work and silent work. Silent work I save for written work where I want pupils to produce from memory, concentrate or for listening tasks. If I request silent work, then I will sanction. Quiet work can happen when grammar activities are being completed. Either way, there are sufficient periods of calm and the classroom is not chaotic. Ultimately, everyone both extroverted and introverted have a chance to concentrate and succeed.

Conclusion

Ultimately, our job as teachers is to build a relationship with every student and not just the ones that shout the loudest, dominate our attention or occupy our time. Hopefully, this has sparked off some thoughts as you read. Maybe there is a department meeting where the discussion can be “how can we help introverts and/or our quietest students to thrive?” Consider that each teacher in that discussion will have in mind at least one pupil per class. Could your next meeting lead to something quietly transformative for those students? Consider the class you will teach tomorrow. Who is dominating? Who needs some space creating (possibly not publicly) to shine?

Cultural Capital: Strategies for Language Classrooms

Oct 14, 2025Oct 30, 2025 / dlh202 / Leave a comment

Other cultures have always fascinated me ever since learning about Norway in Year 5 or tasting a Stollen in German class in Year 7. My experience of teaching secondary languages suggests that this fascination is true for our students as well.

*Was Norway where this fascination with other cultures started? Possibly! It’s still on the list to visit…*

We teach culture to build enthusiasm interest and develop the cultural capital of our students. for those students who do not enjoy the language learning process so much, this can be a great way to hook them in.

There are four approaches to the teaching of culture that I have used in my career.

Unit based approach

The obvious benefit of a unit-based approach is that students can gain a deeper understanding of the target language culture full stop. I’ve seen units structured around the films “Innocent Voices” or Valentín. I have seen lessons centered around schools in Latin America or French speaking Africa. I have taught lessons about Cuba (thanks Listos 2), Dali, Goodbye Lenin and the Carnival de Oruro over time. There are schools who use artists such as Miro, Matisse and Picasso as the foundation for some of their early Spanish modules. Some textbooks base entire chapters around a target language festival, country or city. Indeed, one of my former colleagues convinced a class that Mira 2’s “Barcelona Te Quiero” song was once a successful Eurovision entry! The language gym has exercises on La Tomatina. There are plenty of ways to integrate culture into our lessons.

Just as there are benefits to this approach, there can be drawbacks. Culture can be relegated to an end of year project or sometimes a module around culture ends up with grammar or vocabulary “shoe-horned in” as they are good revision opportunities when actually other opportunities might have existed. The way to counter this is to ask the question: “Is this the best learning my students can do with the material that I am presenting them with?”

This might be a slightly extreme example but let’s take bullfighting:

It could be used as an opportunity to describe the colours of clothing worn by matadors, body parts or…

Do you use it as an opportunity to build opinions and justifications?

I think that	bullfighting	is can be	dangerous	as	animals are killed	however although yet
I believe that			barbaric		people risk their lives
In my opinion			unpleasant		the animals have no choice
In my view			cruel

The Pop-up approach

Do we simply just teach about the culture when it just pops up? Festivals in particular lend themselves to this approach. Events such as Las Fallas, Barilletes Gigantes, Dia de los Muertos, Christmas, Karneval and Bastille day are all opportunities to engage students with the target language country and its culture. Sometimes a textbook will have a single or double page spread on something. It does not take long to find a short appropriate video to show towards the end of a lesson.

The benefits of this approach are that it does not take up too much classroom time at the expense of learning the language. The drawbacks are that much can be missed if it is the only way culture is taught.

Displays

There are some wonderful displays out there. I have never quite had the artistic abilities to produce an amazing cultural display of the types one often sees on Facebook groups, X and BlueSky although I have done my best. I managed one on Germany with a lot of authentic materials after a trip to Berlin but our school then made the decision (against my protestations) to phase out German…

If you’re wanting inspiration, you can find some materials here with MFL Magic, Jose Garcia is has some of the most artistic cultural displays I have seen or you can go full mural as seen at this school on X. There are companies who can produce bespoke murals when given a set of criteria. If you are really stuck for inspiration regarding layout and how it could look then the picture below was created by giving an AI image generator a prompt “classroom dia de los muertos display.” Bear in mind these are highly predictive generating tools and will not be perfect but it might spark some ideas.

Like other approaches this does not detract from classroom time and it makes for a pleasant learning environment. The drawback is again that the display may need refreshing every so often and then you have to balance time invested against the return.

Culture slide approach

This is probably my most recent evolution in culture teaching and the one that I actually feel has done it best. Dedicating 2 minutes of a lesson to culture after answers to a starter/do now task and before the lesson fully starts. I prepare a single slide on a topic that includes some pictures and some fun facts. I talk through it for a minute or two and then we crack on with the lesson. The benefits of this approach are that there is largely something for everyone. The students who enjoy history enjoyed learning the history of Spain. The musicians enjoyed learning about singers/songwriters, bands and music. The students who go on holidays learn a bit more about the places they have been. The students – for whom a holiday abroad is unlikely – broaden their horizons. The students who don’t appear to enjoy language lessons often appear to enjoy this part.

Just to unpack what I mean a little bit more by “some pictures and fun facts”…

The Spanish island of El Hierro had a whistling language that was used to communicate between villagers. William Shakespeare was given a barrel of wine from Tenerife as part of his salary. Ibiza and Formentera were used as a base by pirates. Francesco Tarregas’s Gran Vals in A contains a tune known by millions around the world without realising its Spanish origins (seriously, look it up). The Menorcan city of Mahon is home to Salsa Mahonesa, or – thanks to the French – as we now know it: Mayonaise (an utterly disgusting substance with which people inexplicably ruin sandwiches).

I cannot reproduce the slides as they produced in the context of my work for an academy trust and therefore property of the trust, however, here is a rough guide to what you could do:

Year 7

Term 1	Term 2	Term 3	Term 4	Term 5	Term 6
Spanish Islands Mallorca Tenerife Ibiza	Major players in Spain. King, President, famous people	Spanish cities Madrid, Valencia, Barcelona, Sevilla	Spanish speaking countries in South America	History of Spain Cavemen to present day in 10 lessons. *	Customs / Festivals Mealtimes Siestas Padel Tomatina San Juan

*Simon Barton’s History of Spain was quite useful for this for the division of eras into 10 lessons.

Year 8

Term 1	Term 2	Term 3	Term 4	Term 5	Term 6
Spanish artists.	Spanish musicians	Central American countries	Foods including Paella Mole Negro Pique Macho	Idioms from Spain	Quirky places to visit in Spain + South America Smurf village Water fights in Bolivia Colombian festival of Yipao

Culture can make great cover work

Feedback from the cover supervisors in my first school was that they hated covering Spanish/French/German as they didn’t know the answers, students would struggle with not knowing words and most people sending in cover are often too ill to provide much more than “do these grammar exercises.” Whilst a set of sentence builder activities goes a long way towards solving this, a cultural based lesson could work. A set of cultural based activities means students are still learning, they do not pick up or reinforce misconceptions with unchecked exercises and the cover teacher has a significantly easier job.

I have done this two ways in the past:

Spain Live – This was a great textbook teaching pupils about Spain. It works very like a geography textbook with articles and questions to answer. There are also France and Germany versions.

IT room/library – Write out a list of Spanish speaking countries, periods in Spanish history or famous Spanish people. Give each student a different one so that they have to do their own piece of work. Students have to create a poster / powerpoint / document of some description that explains everything they can find using the computers or the library (if your school has one). To avoid copying and pasting, make them write it in a horrible histories style where it has to be accessible for a child aged 8-10.

Conclusion

However you choose to teach it, there is no escaping the fact that culture can broaden horizons, enrich the mind and enthuse our students. The above are some ways I have done it over the past 15 years. You may have others in which case feel free to suggest them in the comments or underneath the social media posts.

Transforming Language Teaching: Insights from Other Subjects

Oct 10, 2025Oct 10, 2025 / dlh202 / Leave a comment

I’ve been a teacher for nearly 15 years. Over the past seven or eight, due to timetable pressures and a variety of other factors, I’ve found myself teaching several different subjects. Often, as a languages teacher, I’ve sat in CPD sessions thinking, I’m not entirely sure how I can apply this to MFL.

In the last seven years, I’ve taught across five different subject areas: History, English, Religious Studies, Drama, and more recently, Computer Science. For those of a footballing persuasion, I guess i’ve ended up as a versatile super-sub*. A mix of Wayne Rooney and Ole Gunnar Solskjaer.

History

A few years ago, I was given a Year 9 top set history class, shared with another teacher. I like to think this was a mutually beneficial arrangement. They helped me deliver the lesson by explaining content and the activities; I fixed their German pronunciation. Two things particularly stood out from this time.

The first was that the starter tasks—or “do now” tasks —increased in difficulty from question one to question four. The idea was that every single student should be able to answer at least questions one and two. This meant every student in the room came in with an instant chance to be successful and get their lesson off to a good start. They followed the following pattern:

True / False
Multiple Choice
Short answer
Sentence / Multiple Sentence answer

There was a culture of “no excuses” for not answering or attempting question 1 and 2. I was encouraged to circulate and particularly demand extension to answers on question 4 and support those struggling with 3 or 4. I think a similar principle could work with MFL starters.

The second thing that really stood out was how each lesson was framed as a question to be answered. Now, in History, this is significantly easier than in MFL. Take, for example, the questions: What happened at Pearl Harbour? or What did the failure of the League of Nations mean for the future of Europe? Both of those questions immediately build interest, curiosity, and engagement.

In languages, this is obviously significantly trickier. The question: How do we form AR verbs? does not bring with it the same level of curiosity or interest (apart from for a select few of us who love our grammar). Could we possibly rephrase that question to: How can I master 88% of Spanish verbs?

There are, however, some areas of language teaching that naturally lend themselves to this “lesson as a question” approach. The teaching of ordering food in restaurants would lend itself well, for example: How can I order food and drink in Spain? Similarly: How can I describe people? or how can I say what is wrong with my hotel room? By phrasing the lesson as a question, students can walk out knowing they have learnt the start of the answer. How can I master 88% of Spanish verbs? I need to know the six endings; I need to remember to remove the AR and replace with the correct ending. For those wondering, the 88% is from a 2019 analysis of the Royal Spanish Academy Dictionary.

Religious Studies

In 2019, I taught Religious Studies due to timetabling issues. My main learning from this year of teaching would be the idea of spending entire half terms on one thing. For example, one half term was Christianity, one half term was Buddhism, and one half-term was Sikhism. These were Year 7 modules that were about six lessons each.

One popular Spanish textbook I used to use had the following five pages: ages, members of the family, pets, descriptions of hair and eyes, and descriptions of personality. The topics were well presented, the grammar chosen was sensible when linked with the topics, and the activities were, to an extent, useful. However, was this too much for two lessons a week in Year 7? The answer is probably yes.

At the end of each term in Religious Studies, we would assess what had been covered in the previous five lessons—and only that. I wonder if sometimes in languages we don’t teach sufficiently narrowly, and then we don’t assess that narrowly either. Gianfranco Conti recently wrote in a blog about the desire to correct everything that persists in many schools and trusts across the country. Perhaps we need to ensure that they can do fewer things well?

Drama

One year shortly before half term, I had a visit from a member of SLT suggesting that they needed someone to teach Drama for four weeks until the new Head of Drama arrived. To make matters worse, they said it was Key Stage 3 Drama.

I had the fortune to take on a good class comprised of pupils I had taught before. My biggest learning from the Drama department—and indeed from watching the new Head of Drama at work—was that projection was emphasised. Phrases such as “say it again but say it better”, “tell me, don’t ask me”, “say it like you’re really confident”, “say it like you believe it” were all used to develop their students’ ability to project, to sound confident, and to deliver lines with character, or as one of my English colleagues would say “with gusto!”

In MFL, sometimes I wonder if we neglect this in paired speaking activities. Recently, with my classes, when we’ve done short conversations, or short question-and-answer work in pairs, I’ve asked them to stop and then repeat it sounding like they are more confident. This might mean I ask them to sit up straighter, or I ask them to stand up.

If you think about it, most conversations in real life do not happen at a table where the person next to you is directly to your left or right. In a café, they are often opposite or slightly to the side. In passing, they are often stood up. It may be confirmation bias, but I tend to find that the second time students perform the activity, they sound better.

My version of the activity quiz quiz trade helps with this. Here’s how I run it. If you have read this blog for a while, then you will know my fondness for mini-whiteboards. They will help us here:

Students have a question on a mini-whiteboard and the start of the answer on the back. Whatever language you teach, you can apply the examples below:

Side facing student = question	Side facing away from student = help with answer
What do you do in your free time?	In my free time …
Do you play football	Yes/No ….. sometimes / never
Do you swim	Yes / no …… regularly / rarely

Students must 1) ask a question, 2) answer a question 3) swap their whiteboard. They can sit down after 5 ask/answer/swap cycles.

In our school, we have a policy that is known as SHAPE. Lots of schools have this, although I wonder sometimes if we focus on the S at the expense of the P. Languages, like Drama, are an opportunity for us to develop our pupils’ oracy—that is to say, their ability to speak confidently and fluently.

Computer Science

More recently, I have taught Computer Science. It may surprise you that both subjects can learn a lot from each other. As a languages teacher teaching Computer Science, I have found that my appreciation of mini whiteboard checks for understanding can continue. However, this post is about what we can learn from other subjects.

One of the things I’ve noticed in Computer Science is that flowcharts are extremely useful as a means for understanding. By this, I do not mean a bullet point list or a “1-2-3 steps for conjugating.” I mean a clearly laid-out visual flowchart. For example, this could be used for explaining when to use the subjunctive in Spanish:

Am I expressing a wish or desire?
→ If yes, use the subjunctive.
Am I expressing an impersonal reaction?
→ If yes, and if the sentence includes “it is + adjective,” then yes, I should use the subjunctive.

This could be a helpful way for students to visualise and decide whether the subjunctive is required using my favourite language teaching acronym: WEIRDO (Wishes, Emotions, Impersonal statements, Reactions, Doubts, and Ojalá).

I have also used these to help students build their opinions when talking about school. Word’s SmartArt can be quite helpful in this regard. An example in English is below:

Similarly, a flowchart might be useful in forming the passé composé in French. Students would then be able to decide easily between avoir and être and then progress onto Mrs Vandertramp (does anyone remember—or still use—the YouTube “Umbrella” version?) or however you choose to characterise the remaining verbs.

The second thing I’ve learnt from teaching Computer Science—and this is more aimed at GCSEs—is what we call the Moneyball approach. Moneyball is a film about baseball where a lower-league baseball club finds value in players that people didn’t rate very highly and their data-driven approach makes the club very successful. In the film, one of the main characters tells his club director that he needs to “buy runs,” not “buy players.”

To turn this into a modern-day football analogy: you are essentially buying goals, not buying a striker. Harry Kane scores you 30 goals a season. Other strikers, although highly thought of, may not reach those numbers but you could buy two players who will score 15 goals a season each such as Matheus Cunha and Bryan Mbeumo.

We can apply this Moneyball approach to exams. If the average needed at foundation level for most languages and exam boards (according to ChatGPT) is 60% for a grade 4, and the average for a grade 4 at higher tier is somewhere between 37% and 43%, then we need to consider: How are we going to put our students in the best place to get those marks? What are the things that we can control, that we can drill, and that we can best prepare them for, in order that they may achieve that?

I will leave you to think about those last couple of questions.

Conclusion

I hope this post has shown that, while not every strategy from other subjects will seamlessly translate to MFL, there is a wealth of insight to be gained from stepping outside our own discipline. Whether it’s the deliberate staging of questioning in History, the focus on oracy and projection in Drama, or logical and data-driven thinking in Computer Science, each subject offers something valuable.

By borrowing and adapting these approaches thoughtfully, we can enrich our language teaching and better support our students in becoming confident, capable communicators.

*James Milner was a consideration for comparison at this point but then I remembered his previous club history

Can you mark whole class set of reading/listenings in 1 PPA? Definitely!

Jun 23, 2025 / dlh202 / Leave a comment

End of year assessments or mock listening/reading exams need marking. I used to do them all one by one and it took me aaaaages.

7 years into my career I learnt that you can manage a whole class in one PPA with some question level analysis thrown in for good measure!

This method is suited to the listening and reading papers. It also works for the 4 sentences about a photo and the translations of the outgoing GCSE. It does not work for writing sadly.

Here’s how…

You ideally need a classroom with rows. If not, borrow a colleague’s classroom and watch them stare at you in a slightly odd way while you enact the following process:

Put the mark scheme on the interactive whiteboard
Lay the papers out with the same page showing along the rows (closer together than the AI generated picture). Ideally open them at the first page the first time through.

Walk along the rows, marking the same question over and over. After a while you start looking for D C A B as the answers, P N N P or “salchichas” “sandillas” “treinta” etc
Walk back turning to the next page
Repeat

Considerations:

If you have a large class it may be easier to do 10 or so at a time.

Having the exam papers open anonymises the process and ensures you are objective. You can look at the end if there is a paper that is striking you as “they didn’t revise”. Or stick a post-it note if you spot something you really need to address.

Every time you go to the laptop to move the mark scheme on a page is an opportunity to note down any areas or vocabulary students struggled with.

Give it a try

Time-Saving Tips for Teachers: Work Smarter, Not Harder

Jun 3, 2025Jun 3, 2025 / dlh202 / Leave a comment

The aim in this post is simple: to save you some time somewhere.

Teacher workload is high and has been for a long period. The DofE set up task forces dedicated to looking at workload around planning, marking and data. The aim was to save teachers 5 hours a week. According to the Teacher Workload Survey in 2019, the average full time teacher was working a 52 hour week. Staff in “outstanding” or “requires improvement”/”inadequate” schools worked an average of 1 hour more than staff in “good” schools.

Over 15 years, I have seen various things contribute massively to my workload. I can recall some 60 hour weeks around 2013-2016 to keep up with the volume that was being demanded of me. I can also name examples of where my workload has been significantly reduced. One subject leader massively simplified our marking policy enabling a set of assessments to be marked within 30mintues. It was then replaced a year later with “deep marking” by a different subject leader.

Sometimes as teachers, we can be our own worst enemies in wanting to do our best for the kids. It’s not wrong but when it leads to a place where you can’t envisage an alternative then something needs to be done. Hopefully, the following paragraphs (long post incoming) will give you some food for thought.

There is a “too long don’t read” version at the end for the time-pressed and stressed teacher.

Step 1: Look at your marking and feedback policy

“Ofsted recognises that marking and feedback to pupils, both written and oral, are important aspects of assessment. However, Ofsted does not expect to see any specific frequency, type or volume of marking and feedback; these are for the school to decide through its assessment policy. Marking and feedback should be consistent with that policy, which may cater for different subjects and different age groups of pupils in different ways, in order to be effective and efficient in promoting learning.” (2018)

By far the biggest driver of my marking load in my career has been schools interpreting “what ofsted are expecting to see.” I think that online pressure from teachers, leaders and unions finally culminated in the clarification guidance that quote was taken from. Over the past 15 years, I have been through the following:

Every book every 3 weeks (13 classes of average 28-30 kids = 390 books or 130 books a week).
2 stars and a wish.
Written comments instead of test scores.
Two targets for pieces of work, pupils then respond by redrafting the work which then is re-marked (sometimes referred to as “deep marking”).
Redrafting the redraft until it was perfect.
DIRT lessons after marking has taken place (directed improvement and reflection time) where students respond to feedback given by reproducing work. Students redraft work with purple pen.
Every class produces a piece of writing every half-term (see maths above) which is deep marked.
Every skill assessed every half-term.
Assessments via Formative with mixture of self-marking and teacher marking.

Don’t get me wrong, pupils need feedback and it needs to be timely and actionable. According to Dylan William it needs to be “more work for the recipient than the donor.” I think sometimes in teaching it is almost inevitable it will be the other way around particularly after marking 30 GCSE 150 word practice questions. The “why” of assessing and giving feedback is clear. We do it because we want our pupils to progress and improve their skills. The big question to answer is: “what are we marking and how often?”

Simple solutions:

Sometimes we can get tunnel-visioned and assume that what we are doing is “normal” and “every school does this.” The table below suggests some ways that you can cut down on the marking without compromising on quality.

Every skill every half-term –>	1 or 2 skills every half-term – maybe complete listening and reading in the same lesson.
All year groups complete assessments at end of half-term	Year groups have staggered assessment windows. Year 7 – Autumn 1 – writing Year 7 – Autumn 2 – reading/listening Year 8 Autumn 1 – reading listening Year 8 Autumn 2 – writing Year 9 Autumn 1 – speaking Year 9 Autumn 2 – reading/listening
Assessments in all half-terms	Take a break from assessments between Easter and May half-term. You have Y11 Speaking Exams, don’t over-cook your teachers.
Writing once a half-term –>	Writing once a term
End of year assessments –>	Split between end of year and Easter
Every skill every half-term –>	2 skills per half-term – assess speaking while students complete a reading assessment.
Every book every … weeks –>	Live marking as you circulate around class. Divide your class into 3 sections and aim to get them done over a two week period.
Individual written comments for students	Series of 6-10 targets for students to work on
Series of 6-10 targets for students to work on	Whole class feedback and practice exercises of a particular grammar point
Speaking assessments in KS3 requiring discussion of a photo and a roleplay type scenario	Live marking as you circulate while students practice questions they have learnt over the term. Quick note in books of any pronunciation errors and how to fix e.g. “nacionalidad” = “na thee on alee dad” Beware the backwash/washback effect
Taking home listening and readings to mark	Do it in class. If pupils are unsure if an answer counts then they highlight it and give you the ones they are unsure about.
Verbal feedback stamps	Ditch them if still using. Permission from OSTED here on P17

With the assessments, it is also worth looking at where that data is going and what is being done with it.

Step 2: Look at your curriculum and resourcing

What we are teaching is important. I think “intent”, “implementation” and “impact” were very well-intentioned and the right things to focus on. Sadly, i think they morphed into some grandiose intent documents and a high need for consistency between classrooms where teachers need to be all teaching the same lesson. I’m not sure that – apart from Year 11 results analysis – impact is getting as much of a look in.

I have taught in schools with shared schemes of work and a shared resources folder that quickly became a unwieldy behemoth containing everything from resources found on TES to worksheets from a scanned OHP acetate (newer teachers you can google that last one). I have taught in a school with a trust produced shared curriculum. I have yet to teach in a school with booklets and visualisers but see it working for our English department.

Some simple solutions to save time:

Shared resources and curriculum can save time.
- To all the teachers out there saying “I can’t teach from other peoples’ resources”, I would have agreed with you, once. Now, I have no choice. I make adaptations for my groups and it’s still quicker than planning from scratch.
- To any teachers out there saying “I sell my resources so I can’t share” then maybe you don’t need to give everything away but there could be an ECT in your department who just needs a bit of help? Or maybe results in your department might benefit from you sharing? It is also worth taking into account that if the resources are produced on a school owned device or as part of your teaching duties (even if on a home device) then the school owns the copyright.
- If you are developing a shared curriculum then resources will likely be only as good as the person producing them. Put your best people on this and try and free them up elsewhere.
- If you are developing a shared curriculum then pick one year group to start with, set out the guidelines and a template and make it really good from the start. Within 5 years, you will have a fully resourced curriculum.
- If your trust produced curriculum resources end up increasing lesson planning time then the balance is wrong and you probably need to raise this with superiors.
Don’t go creating reading texts and questions from scratch.
- A textbook may have already done the work for you.
- I’ve got a post coming on AI but this is one of the areas where it can really help. Where most teachers go wrong with AI is that they do not give it clear enough prompts:
  - I would like a reading text in Spanish
  - Aimed at a UK teenager studying Spanish
  - On the theme of …
  - It needs to include these 8 verbs
  - Write using the ___ tense.
  - Try to avoid any stereotypes
  - Can you add 5 True/False questions
  - Can you add 10 comprehension questions in English?
- It is also worth bearing in mind an AI model like ChatGPT can consume approximately 500 millilitres of water for every 5 to 50 user prompts so if you’re environmentally conscious then be really clear with your prompts).
- Weigh up the time investment. Can I (or an AI) produce it quicker than searching the web?
Have a bank of cover work
- If you’re ill, you’re ill. Focus on getting better and don’t spend ages on cover work. Here’s two simple ways:
  - A previous school had a set of textbooks of cultural information about Spain and France. The non-specialists covering often thanked us for this as they didn’t need answers.
  - The Language Gym textbooks (whilst excellent for teaching) would also be useful for this but make sure the cover teacher also has access to the answer book!
Have self-marking online homework
- Whoever works out how to successfully integrate MFL homework websites with programs like SIMs or Bromcom will be the ultimate time-saver and very rich.
- Self-marking online homework is a game-changer. Keep it really simple. Have a set completion amount or requisite tasks and reward or sanction accordingly. I have tried saying “spent a minimum of … mins” but that only works if the site tracks activity as engagement rather than the page simply being open. Quick wins here include https://www.samlearning.com/ , https://www.language-gym.com/ and https://www.thisisschool.com/products/languages . There are others but these are ones I have used.
If you are learning vocabulary, keep it simple
- Can you use an online platform to track engagement?
- Make sure that if using an online platform that students have a week to complete and an option exists for students to do it in school. This then prevents the argument of “the wifi was down” and “I couldn’t do it last night.”
- We went through the whole process of printing lists for every student but it’s time-consuming so have them somewhere they can pick them up and reinforce the message that it is their responsibility to do so. Our maths department has a cupboard for past papers and students are used to fetching them. A similar principle could be applied here.
- If you are testing it in class then train your class to do it quickly at the start of a lesson.

Step 3: Look at the extras

Our core business is our timetabled teaching and learning. I couldn’t think of a good word to summarize this next section apart from “extras”. I know most MFL departments will look at the list below and think that’s our bread and butter. I’m also aware there are some very small departments out there of 2 teachers who would love to do this stuff but for various reasons cannot. The aim of the post is to save time so let’s look at ways we can save time with these:

Trips – Do you have a teacher you can train up to help you run the trip? Can you give them various responsibilities? There are plenty of trip planning checklists from the major companies. Can you divide some of the list between you? Would a company save time over planning a trip from scratch? Some schools use homestays, would that beat a hotel?

Y11 Interventions – John Tomsett is an experienced leader and wrote this blog about Year 11 interventions. Now, I don’t deny they can yield rewards but how much time is being invested and how much return are you getting on that investment.

After-school clubs – How much value are your after-school clubs adding? Do they need to run all year or just for a couple of terms?

European Day / Week of Languages – Lots of ideas here to save you some time.

Displays – can you get some displays that work for a longer time period?

Step 4: Look at your routine

During the 2013-2015 every book every three weeks phase, I was getting in at work at 7 and leaving at 5 as well as working in the evenings to get the marking and planning done. I know I pulled a number of 58-60 hour weeks. It wasn’t healthy and it wasn’t sustainable so I made a change. I came into work for the time I was meant to start at which was 8:30. I felt better but had to work harder in the time that I had. I was still able to get the work done and no less effective than before.

Simple Solutions:

Do you need to be in the building as long as you are?

The extra hour I was spending before school in 2012-2015 didn’t make me any more productive. I didn’t need to be in for that extra hour.

Could you afford a drop in hours?

A friend of mine has dropped to 0.9 on a two week timetable. One day off a fortnight has been a game-changer for him. It gives him time with family and children that he wouldn’t have otherwise had and fortunately for him the only day the school could make it happen was a friday!

Do you need to protect / ringfence your time?

Since starting teaching, I have always reserved one day at a weekend where I will not touch any work. As a Christian, this was important to me and this has almost always been a Sunday. Occasionally circumstances will force an exception to this but my rule remains at least one day of the weekend is work free.

Do you need to program in some “me time”?

I also made time to play football and badminton once a week in an evening preventing me from doing work stuff on those evenings. There will always be more to do. There will always be more ways to improve that particular lesson. Don’t let perfection become an enemy of good and a drain on your mental and physical wellbeing.

Do you need some accountability?

In schools we hear the word accountability and it normally conjures up negative connotations. Here I’m using the dictionary definition of “subject to the obligation to report, explain, or justify something; responsible; answerable.” In the same way, people tend to keep their gym attendance higher when they have a friend going, do you need a colleague or a friend to challenge you when you’re staying too long? Equally, do you need to be that person right now for someone in your department? On my first day of teaching, I started eating my lunch in my classroom and started looking over my plans for the afternoon. My Head of Department came and took me to the staffroom saying “make it a habit to take your breaks.” Since then I’ve rarely ever worked through a lunch break. Even now with a family and other responsibilities, that habit has carried on. It can be done.

Look at the wider load

As a teacher, you have responsibilities as a form tutor and may have taken on other things as your career has progressed. These were probably right especially if you are looking at gaining the kind of experiences required for promotions. It is worth reviewing things like this every now and again. It occurs to me that I have seen two very experienced teachers retire in my career and each of their jobs were replaced by 2-3 separate TLRs. Just because you are the person doing it, it doesn’t have to always be you. Prior to Peter Capaldi’s Doctor’s regeneration he says this:

“Oh there it is silly old universe, the more i save it; the more it needs saving. The treadmill. Yes I know, they’ll get it all wrong without me!”

I think most teachers can identify with this. The more you do; the more it seems need doing. If you need to leave something because you are stressed, overworked or struggling then it is not weakness. It is a sign that something needs to change. One year, I started work as a Head of Year, which was a job i had been aiming at for a long time. The previous year I oversaw the work with trainee teachers and liaising with the university. I knew by Christmas that one had to go and I couldn’t do both. I approached a senior leader who agreed that two jobs done well was best for the school and we decided upon my replacement together. That replacement was then able to use the experience as part of their interview for a Head of Department role a year or two later. Laying stuff aside for a time might be what you need.

Step 5: Look at your school – can they change things?

“We’ve always done it that way” is a phrase you often hear in schools. There are ways to reduce workload and give some flexibility back to staff. Sometimes you need to see the alternative or the next steps to be able to describe it to someone. Here are some things schools are doing that you may benefit from:

Period 5 PPA from home – If you have a P5 PPA you leave early. It is assumed you will do the work anyway and that any doctor / dentist / MOT / service appointments could be booked in that time.
P1 PPA from home – If you have a P1 PPA and no tutor times or similar then basically it’s the reverse of the above but at the start of the day.
Personal day. Give up 5 lessons worth of cover for a once a year personal day (booked in advance). This is done in another school locally and is on an opt in basis.
Reports – Can you shorten the reports writing process?
Parents evenings – Can you do hybrid parents evenings? Can there be a mix of online appointments and in person ones? Do they need to be the same day?

Step 6: The final question: Impact vs Effort

One thing I wish I had learnt about earlier was looking at the impact I was having rather than the effort I was expending and this probably was worth a section in itself but instead probably leaves you on the biggest question: are my efforts having the impact that I want them to have? If not, what needs to change?

TLDR Version

Focus on making marking / feedback policy manageable and not time consuming.
Cut down on assessments, plan them so they don’t all come at once.
How can you save time on planning and resourcing of lessons. AI and textbooks can play a role here.
Keep systems for homework, vocabulary learning and follow up really simple.
What are you doing outside of school? Can you protect time for yourself? Can you help others?

GCSE: Teaching the Celebrity Culture topic

May 27, 2025Apr 8, 2025 / dlh202 / Leave a comment

For a topic like this, it makes sense to start with three very simple questions:

How is this going to be assessed?
What vocabulary will they need to do well?
What obstacles might I encounter in teaching this?

Exam Type	Ways it could appear
Listening	Someone talking about a celebrity they admire Interview with a celebrity
Speaking	Questions about a celebrity you admire Roleplay discussing a celebrity Photocard where questions are about a celebrity or opinions on celebrity culture Reading aloud task about someone famous
Reading	Text about a celebrity Short texts with people giving opinions on celebrity
Writing	Write about a celebrity you like or admire and explain why

Vocabulary

Looking at the exam board vocabulary list, the following words jumped out at me:

well known	brand	follow	born	trick/deceive
alive	fashion	introduce	married	cry
dead	influencer	present	divorce	promote
behaviour	vote	advert	separate	relate to
interview	record	media	establish/set up	to direct/manage

Many of the words on the vocabulary list will naturally come up during the teaching of the module. The ones above were a mixture of “that’s slightly unusual so will need teaching” or “that’s definitely teachable but could be taught equally in another topic and transferred.”

There will also be significant overlap with free time activities particularly if your free time lessons include music, dance, films, TV and the internet.

Obstacles

Potential obstacles in this topic include the following:

Your resources could date very very quickly as celebrities fall in and out of public eye.
Celebrities can suddenly be “cancelled” or information emerges about them that might be a distraction from the lesson.
Exams are less likely to use well-known celebrities so you may need to create or find some resources using people with whom the students are less familiar.

Don’t re-invent the wheel

I have written before about using what we already have for aspects of this new new gcse. Plenty of textbooks have covered celebrities in various guises so far. Those resources (while they may not teach every word on the new spec) will serve you well. For example, our recent AQA Spanish GCSE textbooks had a page on “modelos a seguir” (you can find related resources on TES such as this one). Mira 3 had short biographies on celebrities as a means of revising the preterite. If you have copies of these books lying around and/or gathering dust then use them for this topic. I imagine French and German textbooks will have similar texts that are of use.

Don’t assume students have the vocabulary to talk about these things

You might be thinking that they are surrounded by influencers and instagram/snapchat etc, how would they not know how to talk about it?! Students will be aware of people who are famous, online influencers with thousands of followers but some might not understand the concept of “celebrity culture” itself or have the vocabulary to talk about it in English. For example, discussing the pros and cons of being famous might be a stretch for some. They might not be able to articulate why in a foreign language they do or do not like a particular celebrity beyond “he/she is …” They equally might struggle to articulate this under pressure.

I think a sentence builders approach could work very well here especially for talking about people you admire and also for where famous people have not been good role models. Gianfranco Conti’s post here gives some salient pointers about how to craft a good sentence builder

What opportunities this topic presents (teaching)?

Firstly, opinions and reasons are unavoidable on this topic. A question such as “tell me about someone you admire and why” gives an able student the potential to give a variety of opinion and justification phrases. Secondly, there is a great opportunity for the past tense with some examples “he/she was”, “he/she won”, “he/she recorded/sold/has gone on tour.” Lastly, there is a opportunity to drop in a reference to the future with a simple “I want to meet him/her.” Vincent Everett’s post here gives you an excellent idea of how this could be taught in the classroom.

What opportunities this topic present (cultural capital and making the case for languages)?

Firstly, there is an opportunity to build our students understanding of the target language culture. You may need to do a little bit of research if you are not up-to-date with your Spanish/German/French influencers. The majority of our students are online, on TikTok and Instagram. Give them some good role models to follow from the target language country. Lots of videos are subtitled so students can read the language as well as listening to it.

Secondly, this topic is a good opportunity to remind students that a lot of famous people are bilingual or multilingual and that they learnt it like the students did: in school. Kylian Mbappe – in one interview – mentions he “wasn’t the best in school at Spanish” but he kept learning. In another (the one below) he mentions that sometimes people “still speak too fast”. A good reminder that mastering a language takes time!

This topic would tie in quite well with options too.

Key Ingredients for Outstanding MFL Lessons

May 19, 2025 / dlh202 / Leave a comment

This is a re-write of my most viewed post. Despite being written in 2016 and lessons no longer being graded, it has consistently topped my most-read posts every year. It was probably time for an update.

‘Hypothetical’ conversation overheard in staffroom:

Experienced teacher 1: “I delivered a number of outstanding lessons today”

Experienced teacher 2 “Ha! Your definition of an outstanding lesson is you putting your feet up while the kids are standing outside!”

Experienced teacher 1: “you saw them then!”

What makes an “outstanding lesson” is highly subjective and is based largely on the observations of the person watching. It is a positive thing that we have moved away from one word judgement of lessons or lesson snippets and there seems to be a similar move away from one word judgements of schools.

This is not a post on “how to play the OFSTED game” as the only OFSTED game to be played is simply high quality teaching and learning. It is a post about the key ingredients for an outstanding lesson and how we might apply those in MFL teaching everyday.

The big three: intent, implementation and impact.

OFSTED’s re-focusing on curriculum with the three I words is now well known. Intent, implementation and impact. The big question is the question every teacher should be asking of their classes “have they learnt it? And how I know they have learnt it?” Is my implementation achieving the intent? They (ofsted) will discuss this with a Head of Department or Lead Practitioner and then visit classes to see it in action. The idea is that what the Head of Department is saying should be visible in classrooms and students should be benefitting from it. Their evidence for forming their opinion will come from that discussion, watching lessons, talks with students, talks with staff and looking at any work in books.

My experience of being visited by OFSTED and our department going through a deep dive last September was that it followed the following pattern:

Part 1: A discussion about the intent, implementation and impact of the curriculum. My Head of Department did this bit so I cannot tell you exactly what was asked but if you want some typical practice questions then you can click here and this one from ilanguages gives some ideas of example answers too.

Part 2: Visits to lessons, talking to students in those lessons and looking at books. The inspector thought my teaching was “enthusiastic” and the lesson “well-delivered.” They expressed some disappointment that there was not any paragraph level writing in the Year 7 books. It was the first week back in September and their second lesson of Spanish. I’m not convinced their expectations there were reasonable but it also explains the levels of energy on display! They are essentially trying to answer a question around implementation. Is what the inspector has been told evident in classrooms?

Part 3: A discussion later with staff that began with some curriculum matters and then opened up to wider issues such as workload, how teachers are supported in school, safeguarding and recent training. To be honest, I thought this discussion would be much tougher but it was conducted in a fair and supportive manner.

Dealing with the drop in

Inevitably at some point a lesson is going to be watched. Personally, I feel a mixture of being short-changed and relived if not seen by an inspection team. Out of the four OFSTED visits, I have experienced, I have been visited on three. All of the below “ingredients” came from the previous post with some updates for 2025. They are not a recipe but definitely things to think about ahead of any lesson drop in.

Key Ingredient:	What it means for MFL teachers:
Consistency	This is a tricky one. In some schools and trusts, it appears to mean every teacher delivering the same slide decks (hopefully tailored to their groups). In others, it means a set of principles of delivery but teachers might be working on different lessons due to one group being ahead behind because a teacher deemed the group to be in need of re-teaching etc. There probably has to be some level of consistency across your team in delivery but again this needs to tie in with what you say in that deep-dive session.
Starting Points	Some knowledge of the students’ starting points is helpful. If most of your students arrive at Year 7 having had strong language teaching, how are you building on it? Are you able to build on it? Are your Year 8 and Year 9s building on prior knowledge? Would an inspector see more challenging vocabulary, grammar and writing in books if they compared between year groups?
Challenge	Is your work demanding enough? I don’t mean simply sticking an extension task on a starter or a reading activity. Are you sufficiently challenging that student who finishes the task seconds after you have explained it? Should they have finished that quickly? Are all students challenged and engaged? How could you reward risk-taking with the language?
Pupils views	ARGH?! What would they say about your lessons? If memory serves, my students were asked: – What they are learning? – Do they remember what they learnt last lesson? – How does it fit in with what they have been learning? – Do they enjoy learning languages?
Enthusiasm	You got into this job for one of two reasons (or possibly both). You love your subject or you love working with young people. Ignore the fact that someone is watching and teach like you do everyday.
Scrutiny of work	From this I understand the following: 1) Books will be looked at. 2) Can you demonstrate that students are improving? 3) Is there evidence of challenge or support and scaffolding? 4) OFSTED do not expect to see particular types of marking/feedback however they do expect to see departmental policies enacted so whatever you say you do, needs to be what you actually do.
Subject Knowledge	This will naturally come through as you teach. Remember you are the expert. Keep your explanations clear, don’t be nervous about the observer, just focus on doing what you normally do. If you are teaching your weaker language then there is some advice here: Keeping your languages up!
Effective Planning	No time wasted and all resources readily available and accessible. They will not want to see a lesson plan but it’s very easy to spot a well-planned lesson. This is probably the best thing I have read on planning an MFL lesson and still one of the best posts on the topic 8 years later.
Behaviour Management	Clear rules and consistently enforced. Again, keep to your school or department policies. I would argue that there is nothing wrong with removing a student whose behaviour is detrimental to the progress of the rest of the class, even in an observation. If there is a policy to be followed, follow it.
Adequate structured practice time	Pupils must be allowed enough time to practice and embed what they are learning. There must then be a definite increase in demand and evident progression in difficulty of the material covered in the lesson. Practice in MFL will obviously take place through different skills but it is worth considering: how do they link to your overall objectives in that lesson? Is the planned practice going to lead to some production?
Checks for understanding	Understanding must be checked and any misconceptions identified. You can probably tell who will struggle so maybe set the class a short activity that they can use to demonstrate their learning, while you go and help those who need it.
Challenging h/wk	Homework should consolidate, extend or prepare the students for future work or a mixture of the three. More on homework here
Literacy and Numeracy	Whilst numeracy is harder to shoehorn into MFL, literacy is very much the bedrock of what we do. Start using grammatical terms and do not shy away from them. You’re a language teacher and probably a fan of the odd reflexive verb, subordinating conjunction or relative clause. Own it.
Pupils know why they are learning what they are learning and how to improve	Pupils will likely be asked about what they are learning. They may be asked about work in their books, what lessons are like and how they feel about their progress in the subject. Do they know what they need to do to improve?
Challenging stereotypes	As MFL teachers we are in an ideal place to do this.

OFSTED’s descriptions miss out one major feature of teaching that I believe is key to delivering outstanding lessons and that is relationships. Admittedly you can produce an outstanding lesson that meets all of the above boxes but relationships go a long way to making all of the above much easier! Your relationships with your students will answer that. John Tomsett says: ‘Fundamentally students need to feel loved and I really don’t care what anyone might think of that, to be honest, because if I know anything about teaching, I know that is true.’

What could I do now? 5 things to try this term.

If you’re English then make a cup of tea before contemplating the following:

Build those relationships. Grab your seating plans or mark-book and find 3 students per class who you are going to develop your relationship with. How are you going to do that? Will you be teaching those kids next year? Who knows? Do it anyway.
Key Ingredients. Pick one of the key ingredients that you need to work on. In your planning for next week incorporate it into every lesson. Yep, that’s every single one. It’s all very well reading a blog post but you have to act on it. My old headteacher liked the phrase purposeful practice.
Revisit. Revisit your intent, implementation and impact. Are you doing what you say you are doing?
Gained time. Can you devote some of it to CPD? Who in your department is good at challenge, differentiation, target language use? Who could you learn from?
Power of praise. I used to do termly phone-calls or emails home to a parent to give some positive feedback on a student. I’ve slipped on this and may well do a few in the coming half-term. Shaun Allison writes about them here.
Consider September. Yep, right now! September is where we set the tone, set the patterns and culture in our departments, what would you like an observer to see if they entered your classroom? What needs to be part of your practice?
Iron sharpening iron. “As iron sharpens iron, so one person sharpens another” (biblical proverb). I love this proverb as it applies to most areas of life. Another person can always be guaranteed to sharpen you and smooth out the rough edges. Most NQTs have a mentor and most PGCE trainees do too. Once we exit that process, we are on our own. Who could you work with to improve your own teaching? Can you get them to pop in and watch? No notes, no agenda, no judgments and no threat, but just someone there simply to develop your practice.

Further Reading

Great Lessons – a series of blogs by Tom Sherrington (Headteacher) on what makes for great lessons and still good years on.

An Outstanding Teacher – short blog post by Shaun Allison – still good

5 Things to Try Tomorrow

Dec 1, 2024 / dlh202 / Leave a comment

The whole idea behind these posts is five simple things you can do in your classroom with minimal preparation tomorrow.

Adam Boxer’s Tick Trick (adapted to MFL)

This arose from a post on X by Adam Boxer (you can find his website here). I started using this with my classes for translation tasks. It’s devastatingly simple to add into a lesson: “If you have that bit on your answer, give it a tick on your board.“ You can even convert it into TL with more simplistic language “If you have A, correct. If you have B, correct.” I used it to break sentence translations down into chunks of languages so that students were being rewarded for the bits that they were getting right. The current AQA GCSE does a similar thing where 2/3 chunks correct might equal a mark.

Photo by Photo By: Kaboompics.com on Pexels.com

The power of underlining.

Recently, our department has begun experimenting with sentence builders. I currently share some groups and wanted to check how much of the sentence builder my class actually knew and could reproduce because when you see them every other lesson, it is inevitably harder to track their progress. Being a fully-signed up fan of mini-whiteboards, I chose 5 sentences from the sentence builder for my class to reproduce in Spanish. In this case, the sentence builders described a house. Each sentence was different, used adjectives with the highest surrender value (that is to say applicable across multiple contexts) and students could attempt an extra sentence from the previous sentence builder if they finished quickly. I asked students to turn their sentence builders over and try to produce the sentences from memory. If they peeked, looked up a word or phrase then I asked them to underline that phrase on the sentence builder. It gave me quick intel as to how much each student could remember.

Seed-planting for GCSE

One of my Year 9 class this week asked a question about GCSE. It was one of those “let’s slow the lesson down by getting the teacher to talk about something” moments. I quickly weighed up the pros and cons and thought let’s take the opportunity to sell GCSE MFL to this mixed ability group. We have not begun our options process yet but they had some thoughts that needed unpacking.

Do I have to take it?

What is foundation / higher?

My sister says it’s ****** hard?

Do i really have to talk for 12 minutes?

What if i don’t want to teach / translate? Is it worth it?

It’s always worth reminding students that they have been preparing for their language GCSE since Y7. The words that they learn then are equally likely to make an appearance and the topics in Key Stage 3 often map to the GCSE ones. When the foundation reading text says “does Ximena enjoy her history lessons?”, they learnt that in Year 7. I sometimes think we are not so different from maths in that our GCSE is the culmination of everything learnt so far.

Photo by Yan Krukau on Pexels.com Grumpy Smurf picture was copyrighted

Grumpy Time

Not my idea at all and full credit goes to Gianfranco Conti for this one. Having seen that my class had used the sentence builder mentioned above to write about where they live (more ideas for this topic here), I asked them to produce me an answer that was entirely grumpy. Having not done this for a few years, none of my students had written a grumpy answer before so we had a brief moment about adding in adverbs of degree (sometimes MFL teachers and resources refer to these as quantifiers). We noted down a few to add in to sound significantly more grumpy. Students then produced some extremely grumpy sentences and seemed to enjoy it rather than the generic “write about where you live.”

Spot the difference with AI

You might notice we have been teaching a fair bit of “in my house” stuff recently from the post above. This idea continues that theme I asked ChatGPT to produce me an image containing two houses and specified what rooms i wanted in each (after a disastrous first go where we had staircases to nowhere). In the end, I ended up using both images! One for a simple writing activity where students wrote “In house A there is but in house B there is not…” The disaster house came in useful as an extension where with a few adjectives given students could write “there is a useless staircase”, “there is a garage upstairs which is stupid.”

A cautionary note on this one. ChatGPT only allows you a certain amount of images per day also since then I have also learnt that AI image generation has a significant water footprint.

Lastly, if you are starting to look for Christmas MFL ideas then…

Here’s 9 ideas

Here’s 9 more ideas

Also a relatively new blog from Beth M is well worth a look. I remember Steve Smith being kind enough to mention mine in the early days which raised my viewing numbers. I hope this will do the same.

Turning Around Challenging Classes: Strategies for Success

Nov 20, 2024Nov 20, 2024 / dlh202 / Leave a comment

My current school uses mixed ability groups so the scenarios below are from previous years in teaching groups largely set by ability but I thought this might give some hope to those teachers that are struggling.

8×6 – Year 8 Set 6

I had battled with this class up until Christmas and January needed something new, something different to avoid seven months more of students not learning as much as they could. This class was extremely boy heavy and whilst more recently books such as “Boys don’t try” have advocated avoiding competition, we leaned into it. Bill Rogers “Cracking the Hard Class” played a major part in this one and much of what follows is based on the advice found therein.

My classroom at this point was set up with square tables much like a primary school with four students to a table. The overly rectangular shape of the room suited it and lent itself to this. Rows ended up very long and a horseshoe wasn’t possible with student lockers and cupboards etc. This did however mean that whiteboards and rubbers could be left in a tray in the middle of the desk and all that needed to be given out was pens.

Students were in teams of four. Students had a say in the teams. They could nominate one person they thought they would work well with and 2 people they would rather avoid. This meant that certain combinations did not end up together. Ultimately, I didn’t satisfy everyone but the buy-in increased slightly. The rules and what they could score points for was clearly explained.

Our teams were Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru, Chile, Argentina and Panama. Points were awarded for completion of work, good work, using the target language in class, positive behaviours such as helping others and completion of homeworks. I occasionally had a TA in this group and they were allowed to award points too. Points were counted in two places a small whiteboard on the wall (which normally held learning objectives) and on a mini-whiteboard when I was mobile so they didn’t get forgotten. We would finish lessons ever so slightly earlier to give time to add up the points for each team. These would be displayed on a PowerPoint slide before students left the room, as well as at the start of lessons. As I taught this class Friday period 6 then this was declared the double points lesson. This meant that friday period 6 was actually quite a nice end to the week. At the end of each half-term we rewarded the top two teams and reset the scores to zero. Certain behaviours would mean points being wiped off. We limited this to rudeness and anything you might deem physically aggressive. The school policy remained in place for other infractions.

The mix of positive reinforcement, short term rewards combined with the team accountability that grew turned this class around. The TA and I actually ended up quite enjoying this class and were both disappointed when they got restructured for Year 9.

8×5 – Year 8 Set 5

I hesitate to include this one but I’m going to and the reasons will become clear later on. This class looked great on paper. There was only 12 of them. How difficult could it be? Our first lesson went actually well, expectations were set, books were neat and students did what they were asked. I went home thinking “job well done lad.” Then came the second lesson. One student decides to run over the tables throwing various items at other students. Another hides under the table refusing to come out. One claims they don’t have a pen. The pen magically appeared flying through the air towards me when i asked them to leave after they had delivered a number of x-rated outbursts at other students. Three others refused to work as they didn’t believe there was anything wrong with the verbal outbursts from the other one. One walked out because they didn’t want to do the work “it was too hard” and that was just copying the date and title. Their book showed they did it perfectly the previous lesson. Another walked out because I asked them to open their book and make a start.

I said the reasons for including this would become clear later on. Being completely honest, I don’t think I ever fully turned around this class but some of their lessons did get better. There is a model of bringing change to organisations that i think works with classrooms and is relevant here. I have paraphrased it below:

Stage 1: “Early Adopters” – Approx 10-20% of a group – Some people will just join in straight from the off. They will go with you.

Stage 2: “Ok, i’ll join” – Approx 20-30% of a group – Some people will join with you after a short while when they have had time to size you up.

Stage 3: “Don’t want to get left behind” – Approx 40-50% of a group – Some people will realise the tide is turning and join you.

Stage 4: “Critical mass” – Approx 55-70% of a group – At this point more people are with you than against you. Some people will not join you as they have decided they don’t like you, or your ideas.

It was clear with this class that we needed to get to critical mass. Here are some of the steps we took:

Removing 1 key player from the group and moving them to another group with a teacher they had had the previous year. They were more comfortable with her.

Getting SEN department involved to assist students under their remit. One was extracted for extra literacy as with a reading age equivalent to that of approximately 5 years old, accessing Spanish was extremely hard.

Getting our behaviour specialist to work with another key player or two. One particularly tricky student was removed for a period of 2 weeks while they worked with him. They then accompanied him to his next two lessons as a means of re-integrating him. The three of us had a conversation prior to his return. It allowed the class to settle a bit and then we carried on. The other we met with in a PPA to try and sort out some of the issues they were having. They highlighted some issues that we could deal with. There was a mixture of the content and the nature of the group.

Having a talk with one of the more challenging students outside the room that went something along the lines of “I’m never going to stop believing that you can do well in my lessons”. After that chat, I had to live up to this every single lesson. Some lessons they did well, some they didn’t but there was a definite increase where we had more good days than bad.
Once it was realised that this group were an issue, someone from SLT would drop in occasionally to see how the class were working and positively reinforce any good behaviours. Simultaneously, they would also look out for, and be quicker to any calls made to remove pupils. It took time and following rules and policies for at least a term or two to get to this point. Once the data of the time out room started showing that these students were an issue across the school and that MFL was over-represented in its two lessons a week (compared to the subejcts with one lesson) then the question became “what needs to happen for the students in that room to be successful?” rather than “what on earth is happening to the students in that room and why aren’t they being successful?”

Talking to their tutors and asking what information they had beyond the stuff that was available from SEN that could help me understand them or use to build a better relationship with them.

Having a starter task on paper, on the desk on arrival and making sure it could not be failed. It could be argued this was a massive lowering of expectations and to an extent it was. Once we had good behaviour and a good start to the lesson, we could get on with the learning.

Listening activities were largely done by me rather than the recordings. It was about giving the students confidence. Some struggled with processing so I would take the transcripts and slow them down or amend the language in them slightly, removing distractors and increasing the cognates.

Battleships and other games became a common feature of lessons and were always done with a model first so that students could “defeat Sir” and practise the language before doing it with their partners.

Writing was very much “write a short bit from memory to answer this question and then look up something to add.” Students had vocab lists. I had stamps where I could praise or give simple feedback. Stamp stacks from this supplier worked quite well.

We made regular use of the computer room (some ideas here) and used a variety of sites such as Languages Online, Language Gym (which was in its infancy at the time) and Linguascope.

We sought support from parents via phone-calls and posted occasional reward postcards home. Some parents were more supportive than others but again it helped in reaching that critical mass.

One teacher who was on a PPA would occasionally come and do their work in the classroom and help out here and there. They didn’t have to, they realised it was a battle and just wanted to help out.

I did wonder about posting the above and indeed writing this whole post as it doesn’t make me look like the world’s greatest teacher. I was my own worst critic in that I would go home thinking: “you’ve done this for 7-8 years now, how is this group of 10 giving you such a hard time.” I didn’t realise at the time but I wasn’t alone; other teachers struggled with these students but the timetable didn’t put all 10 together in one room apart from in MFL and ICT!

If you are that teacher going through that class at the moment or looking at taking on a new class that makes you think “aaaaaaahhhh” then know that there are steps you can take. Don’t be afraid to talk to line managers, SENCOs, pastoral staff and SLT. If things are really really bad, then there is support out there: https://www.educationsupport.org.uk/ is one such source. Union reps can also help. I would also recommend subject Facebook groups. You can post anonymously if you are just out of ideas and don’t want to be identified.

If you love teaching, love your subject, are passionate about your pupils and want them to do well then don’t let that one class change that.

9x Something – We’re not doing this next year

This next one is an amalgamation of a couple of classes. What do you do when they are not taking it next year?

Class 1 had very much decided this from about September 3rd. I used the setup from 8×6 above, as it had worked well the previous year and went for it. The group contained mostly different kids and in the end, a few were convinced to take Spanish.

Class 2 were a re-structured group post-option confirmation. They had had the options lesson and even despite our best efforts as a department, they had all opted for other things. All those that were studying it were moved into another group: my group. Continuing with the textbook chapter was a non-starter. So we went practical with the idea: If you were dropped in Spain, what would you need? These lessons were all resourced via old textbooks, bbc clips, resources online or lessons from TES.

The rough order was as follows:

Lesson 1: Shop names including this classic

Lesson 2: Directions (how to get to shop)

Lesson 3: Buying things (in the shop you just got to) recap of larger numbers and prices

Lesson 4: Buying ice-cream (if you can ask for ice-creams you can pretty much buy anything)

Lesson 5: Ordering food in restaurants

Lesson 6: Complaining about food

Lesson 7: Hotel vocab

Lesson 8: Checking in and out

Lesson 9: Transport by train/bus

Lesson 10-11: Body parts, illness and injury

Lesson 12: Getting what you need in the chemist

Most students will buy in to the fact that you are teaching them something useful and that in itself can be a big help. Inevitably, there are some who will not but more ideas can be found in this post

Ultimately, my hope in writing this is to give some hope and pathways forward to the teacher who is dreading “that class” tomorrow. If this post achieves that, then it’s worth it. Don’t stay silent and do lean on the support that is out there.

The New New GCSE

Aug 19, 2024Aug 29, 2024 / dlh202 / 5 Comments

15 years of MFL teaching and I’m now on my third GCSE. I watched the sun rise and set on controlled assessment. I welcomed the spontaneous conversation in the “new gcse” only to seemingly now bid it “adieu”. The current GCSE, in my mind, actually only required minor tweaks. If I had my way the bullet points would be in English, the roleplays would have been purely confined to typical holiday occurrences and speaking would have been worth 30%.

I’m not a Head of Department but have worked previously as a Second in MFL. Currently, I’m just an everyday language teacher but here are my thoughts on the “new new GCSE.”

Thought 1: The New GCSE needs to be seen as evolution not revolution.

The new GCSE contains plenty of stuff we have already done and are already doing. Photocards, roleplays, 90 word writing tasks, 150 word writing tasks, translations, listening and reading tasks are all things we have been doing for the past few years and all still in there.

One line that caught my eye was “It should be noted that learners are expected to know all
items on the vocabulary list, not just the ‘required’ ones.”

It may be worth at some point just looking through the list by topic and making sure any words without clear obvious meaning (e.g: tamaño) are taught or brought up somewhere in teaching. I imagine that the list before long will appear on Quizlet or similar apps. Given that the list is accessible to students there is nothing to stop them using it as part of their revision. For example, a student could do a mind map using the celebrity culture topic with Taylor Swift at the middle and a fair amount of vocabulary from that list could easily build up around it. Again, I would encourage students to focus on the non-cognates. Most students will work out “conflicto” (especially if they study history) or famoso, however words like “impuesto” might need teaching and/or revising.

Thought 2: Beware the washback effect

I’m not entirely sure who coined the phrase “washback effect”, it may have been on a Steve Smith blog. I think there can be a tendency within MFL to make sure things such as our assessments and resources align with the GCSE the pupils will ultimately take. It sounds like a reasonable premise and it is well-intentioned. Inevitably, resources on TES and books from various publishers will appear aligning with the new GCSE and contain the types of task that the new GCSE is demanding.

Over time, I have come to believe that there must be a happy middle ground that it can be found. A place where Key Stage 3 gives students the tools, language and confidence to succeed later on but doesn’t batter them with GCSE style assessments in Years 7, 8 and 9, which reduce their confidence. Describing a photo is not a life skill. It can wait until Year 10 and 11 and still be done well. Similarly, does a Year 7 need to be able to describe their house in a roleplay-esque fashion to their Venezuelan friend? If we define learning as “knowing and remembering more” (current ofsted vernacular) then we need to be assessing what they know in a reasonable way that allows the student to show what they know. Why complicate it in Years 7 and 8 by adding in the description of a photo or a roleplay? Do we just simply assess their pronunciation when they talk rather than adding in some sentences to read aloud?

With respect to writing, it is great if a Year 7 can manage 50 words but does it need to be in the format of a blog with three bullet points? The answer is: probably not. In the AQA new GCSE there are grammar questions worth 5 marks. Do these need to feature in your Key Stage 3 assessments? Again, they may be part of your grammar teaching but do not need to form part of their assessment.

Jess Lund once said in a conference “Year 7 is where the magic happens” and I’ve never forgotten her saying that. Let’s not make Year 7 – and I would argue Key Stage 3 – too much like Year 11. We can train them in exam technique when they get to Key Stage 4. The only caveat to the above is that sometimes Year 9s at a particular point benefit from feeling that they “can do” GCSE style activities, which then helps with those options conversations and Year 9 parents evening.

https://www.deviantart.com/redpandaa11/art/Meet-the-Phonic-Letter-Sounds-Placemat-891479101

Thought 3: Phonics/Sentence builders

Our trust will be using AQA so I am not sure quite how relevant this next point will be to Pearson/Edexcel users.

One of the new elements is the reading aloud task. Allow me to explain why i don’t think it should faze us as teachers nor faze our students.

The “reading aloud task” is worth 15 marks however it includes 4 questions on the topic the text is about. The actual reading aloud bit is only worth 5 marks. The main thing for this task is making sure that students are capable of pronouncing common words with the sounds that non-native speakers find trickier. Looking at the AQA sample materials in Spanish, you will encounter at least one of the following: “j” “ll” “ce” “ci” “ge” “gi” “gui” “ñ” and the word “que”. Pronouncing the latter as “cue” will cost marks. Train them out of it, now! There is also a definite lean towards words that are linked to the topics students are already studying. Those Js will almost inevitably come with any part of the jugar word family. Similarly, any mention of festivals is likely to include frequency adverbs “cada año” or “a veces”. However you teach your students phonics, be it via explicit phonics teaching or implicitly via sentence builders, there are a few key sounds such as the ones above that you need to prioritise and trust that your students will be ok with the rest. Phrases such as “mucho dinero”, “amigo cubano”, “en el campo” should provide little challenge. Again, be mindful of the backwash effect further down the school. Could you just “live mark” their speaking in class? If you’re unsure what i mean then this post here explains just how you could do that.

Thought 4: Don’t lose the good stuff

If you have good resources, keep using them. If you have good activities that help the pupils learn then please keep doing it. Sometimes a new course can lead to throwing the baby out with the bath water. Don’t do it. Resist the temptation. Your department will have good practices so continue to lean into those. If you get good results on the roleplays then keep doing what you are doing. If what you do gets great listening results then keep doing it! And, perhaps consider getting in touch and submitting a guest blog? A lot of schools seem to use a PALMW approach for photocards (position, actions, locations, mood, weather). If it works, keep it. It is worth drawing pupils attention to the commonalities we have seen in the photos over the past few years:

Where there is a nature scene, the weather is invariably good.
Where they are people, they are almost always family or colleagues and seem happy, interested, excited or smiling (learn those four words: happy, interested, excited, smiling).
Where there is a table, there is almost always food (learn phrase “a variety of food/drink” in case individual food items not known).
Where there is a school, it is almost always a canteen or classroom.
Phones, recycling, houses, shops, sports pitches and “a group of” are good words to know.

Thought 5: Tactics

Maybe this is the armchair football fan speaking but there are some tactics our students can use to approach aspects of this new exam:

Roleplay -In the words of the pundit and superb former player Roy Keane (yes Everydaymfl is a Manchester United fan) ” just do your job”. This task is 100% no fuss no frills, just remember a verb.

Reading aloud – Write it in bad English if you need to “hwaygo” in your prep time and then go for it. You can still score 3/5 with “major and minor errors”.

Post reading Questions– Aim for 3/4 qs answered and 2 longer answers. Use your prep time wisely on this.

Writing – pick the right question – Pick the question you can do best. Divide the word count by the bullet points, 90/3 = 30 words per bullet point. Whilst the exam board say equal coverage is not necessary, 3 x 30 word short sections will inevitably feel more manageable for students. 3 tenses is a must to achieve the top marks (AQA) along with complex language and having a game plan will be crucial. Whilst that game plan from Vincent Everett’s blog is for speaking, It works really well for the new writing too. The mix of verb + infinitive structures could also be key.

Writing – know your table – A Head of Department I used to work with introduced me to this for French and I’ve converted it into Spanish. This table works for regular verbs in the past and present and the majority of verbs in the future. The little minus signs next to past and present are to remind students that they are “taking away tenses” (think that was a Rachel Hawkes idea) where the verb ending is removed. The plus is to show that you add to the verb by putting something either before or after it but leaving the verb itself alone.

In my university days, I memorised the adjective endings and der/die/das/die tables for German and copied them out at the start of exams. I can imagine most students would be able to manage with the table below. 2mins of writing out ensures that the majority of verbs are used correctly.

	Past –		Present –		Future +
	AR	ER/IR	AR	ER/IR
I	É	Í	O	O	VOY A	+ VERB	going to
HE/SHE/ IT	Ó	IÓ	A	E	ME GUSTARIA	+VERB	would like
THEY	ARON	IERON	AN	EN	VERB +	É	will

Thought 6 – Don’t be limited to one language’s sample materials (if you are in a school that teaches 1-2 languages)

Your exam board will have produced resources for French, Spanish, German etc. If you are in a school that teaches one language then your sample assessment materials have actually just trebled.

Photocards in the other languages will give you an idea of potential photocards that could be given.

Open Google Translate on your phone (yep, i said it, eeek…despite this post). Use the camera mode and hold it over the questions and it will translate them for you. I will advise that this mode occasionally has its limitations (it translated “bacon” in Croatian as “violated ham” once) but it should give you a good idea.

The same can apply to the writing tasks and suddenly you have a load more practice materials for your Year 11s.

Everyday Mini-whiteboards

Aug 13, 2024Nov 4, 2024 / dlh202 / 1 Comment

Quite why Mini-whiteboards tend to divide opinion is a bit of a mystery to me. A colleague once observed my lesson with a well-regarded speaker who often leads CPD around the country. My colleague informed me later that this speaker had said that the best way to improve my lesson would be to “bin” the mini-whiteboards. Had I not used them at that point then I wouldn’t have an accurate idea of what they learnt that lesson and indeed if they had mastered the verb conjugations I was trying to teach. Conversely, another senior leader (and now successful Headteacher) would not teach science without having them to hand.

Adam Boxer writes an excellent blog about Ratio (a concept from Lemov’s Teach like a Champion). I believe mini-whiteboards to be one of the best ways of increasing ratio in the classroom. I have a few principles when it comes to using them.

Principles:

– Everyone writes

– Everyone tries

– Everyone hides their answer until it is asked for

Logistics

I don’t have a classroom and teach in wide range of different rooms. I carry around a box with everything I need to teach. Here is how I manage:

Stock up on a box of 10 new pens at the start of – and halfway through – each half-term. No-one throws away a pen without my say so. “If I can read it from the front, it works.”

Hand out the whiteboards while students are doing the starter task. Do not hand out pens until you plan to use them.

Give out and/or get students to give out pens and rubbers. Rubbers are 1 between 2. It saves time and also means they are less likely to lose them as the other person needs it too! Some students prefer the blazer sleeve cleaning method.
Always insist on trying a pen that a student claims “is not working”. Often this is a misconception and what they are really trying to say is that it’s not a perfect jet black.

Always give a clear instruction of what you want to see on the board. Challenge any non-compliance such as doodling etc.

Always count down giving long enough for those students that need it. Sometimes it can help to have a particular student in mind as a guide and start the countdown when they are closer to finished.

No-one shows an answer until countdown is over and everyone shows their answer.

Whiteboard Activities

Obviously, you can use a whiteboard to translate both ways and practise verb conjugations. You can use them to draft sentences for work. I often like to have them on the desks so when students ask for words I can simply write them down. With the new new GCSE, you can use them to practise for the dictation activities. I would imagine these are regular occurrences for the pro mini-whiteboard MFL teacher.

Environmentally friendly time-saving battleships.

To save paper, printing and copying out time. Draw a 5×5 grid on the mini-whiteboard. Shade in the top row and first column. Have students add boats in a non-shaded area. Put your battleships game on PowerPoint slide. Explain that the top row and first column match the shaded ones. A quick model on the board where some students attempt to destroy the ships you have obviously put in there and they will be well away.

Noughts and Crosses translation practice.

Both students in a pair divide both their boards into a 3×3 grid. Have a corresponding grid on the screen with some translations. Students play noughts and crosses. They have to translate correctly to get the X or O. If there is any dispute then they look it up in vocab lists/knowledge organisers etc. The second board is for the inevitable rematch.

Starts and Ends

I tend to use this activity when teaching opinions with reasons. Students get the start or end of a sentence. They have to finish it however they can. It’s quite good for seeing what they can spontaneously produce, what has stuck and what they can do under pressure.

Me gusta ir al cine … (I like going to the cinema)
Me encantan las matemáticas (i love maths)

porque es mi asignatura favorita (because it’s my favourite subject)
aunque me da miedo (although it scares me)

Occasionally, with this activity, I tell students I will give them a score of 1,2,3 depending on how impressed I am with the sentence. This generally has the effect of them suddenly showing they know even more. If they get a score over 10 (keeping track on their boards) they may get a positive point.

Sharks + Icebergs

This is good for practising lots of small chunks. I’ll be honest, I came up with this activity at some point in the past 6-7 years. Soon after trying it with a class, I realised it owes a lot to Language Gym’s rather superb Rock Climbing. Where it differs is that you are not making one long sentence, merely practising short chunks and you don’t have the blood-curdling “aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaargggghhh” when the man falls off the wall. You do however find some kids rather gleefully removing limbs from the stick man (should I be worried about them?)

Setup:

Students: The board needs to be portrait. Divide the board into a 7 x 3 grid. 7 rows, 3 columns. Students shade a map from one end to the other (see diagram). One shaded box per line. On the back of the board they draw a stick man.

Teacher: On your board/projector screen you will need a set of 21 short sentences using language the students have been learning.

Front of board (facing student):

	/////////////////////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////
	/////////////////////////////////////////
		/////////////////////////////////////////
		/////////////////////////////////////////
		/////////////////////////////////////////
	/////////////////////////////////////////

Back of board (facing away from student):

Students try to guess their partner’s path across the icebergs (shaded bit) avoiding the sharks (unshaded). Each time they guess wrong, their partner removes a limb from stick man. The winner comes when either someone has made it across the icebergs, or their partner has neither body or head. You can still win if you make it to the other side like the Black Knight in Monty Python. As long as something is left, you are in the game.

_{Wikimedia Commons. It is surely a crime that Dara never got to properly participate in “Scenes we’d like to see”}

Future Tense Scenes We’d like to see.

Copied from the popular game show mock the week, this works best with the future tense. Pick carefully the class you use it with. Students tend to overcomplicate here, restrict them to the language they have been learning.

Things that Mr /Mrs … will never do..

Things that His Majesty will never do

Things I am not going to do at the weekend

Unexpected things that … is going to do this evening

Environmentally friendly strip bingo

Early in my MFL career I was introduced to strip bingo. I admit I tend not to use it too much however it is very simple to hold a whiteboard portrait, write down 5 phrases and rather than tearing off the strips, students simply cross off the phrase that is at the top or bottom of the list. Lots of paper and time saved. Mini-whiteboards can also work well for any form of bingo game to break up a lesson.

5 things to try tomorrow

Apr 23, 2024 / dlh202 / Leave a comment

You may have been wondering about the lack of posts over the past year and a half. Teaching another subject (I can add Python to my Spanish, German and KS3 French), some health issues and raising a toddler (who is awesome) has meant that the blog has had to take a backseat. Fortunately, there are plenty of good blogs out there. If you haven’t come across MFL Craft, Frenchteacher, the nice man who teaches languages or many of the MFL Facebook groups, Threads communities etc then definitely open up some of those in a new tab.

5 things to try tomorrow.

In the early days of my MFL there were forums on the TES website (anyone remember those??). One contained “minimal preparation, highly effective” activities. It probably had a role in inspiring some of this blog and the number of posts titled “5 things to do tomorrow.” I think edu-language over time has changed a bit so I will characterise these five as “low effort, high impact” and the first one counts as two 😉

Clipboard / mini-whiteboard

*best free whiteboard pic out there, obviously yours will be smaller*

Recently on Twitter/X, a simple clipboard shook the education world (or the small subset thereof that exists on Twitter/X). The writer of the post suggested walking around with a clipboard and making notes during class. This ground-breaking practice is something I had been doing for the past 2-3 years and maybe longer; I can’t quite remember when it started. I humbly suggest you do it with a mini-whiteboard/mini-board (the chipboard type as they are easier to write on). By doing so you have just probably saved a tree and also you nearly always have a whiteboard pen on you. So what could you possibly be noting down?

1) Mispronunciations
2) Misconceptions
3) Random name generation
4) Rewards
5) Sanctions

Ultimately, it is up to you. If you don’t currently do it then give it a go. Today, walking around I picked up that my year 7s couldn’t manage “hermoso” (they all pronounced the “h”) or “increíble” (they almost all added a non-existent “d”). Was my modelling poor? I don’t think so but it gave me useful intel to correct them. In addition to picking up things like this, I can note pupils to reward and/or sanction. To save time I sometimes use little codes; you will develop your own. What it might look like is crudely drawn below:

=====================

=====================

===========

| 1 4 6 7 2 3 8 5 |
| 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 |
| 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 |

===========

I occasionally use something like the above for random name generation. I teach 6-7 different rooms so it doesn’t take much to adapt the layout. On the board at the front of the room, I will write “front, middle 1, middle 2 , back” (in target language). I will then quickly write out the numbers 1-6 or 1-8 depending on how many students there are in a row on my board in a random order. After cold-calling one student, they will then select (in TL) “front number 3” or “back number 2” to pick the next person. As much as I love a wheel of names (Vincent Everett has a completely different use of wheel of names which is well worth a look – not sure if it is him doing the voiceover but his idea), it does save some time. Maybe you already do this and I’m aware a good percentage of Twitter keep it in their heads. I prefer to have something to refer to.

Live-marking – underline, question, double tick and bad English.

Live-marking seems to be one of those newer buzzwords. We have finally moved away from triple marking, deep marking etc or hopefully are in the process of moving away from some of the more heavy duty marking practices that have dominated the 2010s. While students are writing answers to questions, I will circulate and do one of the following:

• underline/highlight something that needs sorting that I think they can sort
• circle something and ask the student question out loud that forces them to think
• double tick any particularly nice Spanish that no-one else is using

It isn’t rocket science and you’re probably already doing it. If not, give it a whirl. It is quick, simple, effective feedback.

Live marking however does not just need to be for writing. I will circulate while students are speaking and if needed borrow their exercise book. I will write the word they are struggling to say with a “bad English” version next to it or immediately underneath. For example: “increíble” = “in cray ee blay” or “divertido” =” dee v-air tee doh.” It allows the pupil to be successful and serves as a very simple aide-memoire. I find very few students relapse with pronunciation after this little intervention.

Positive Post-Parents evening email

Occasionally on parents evening you do not see the students you want to see. Often those students are the trickier ones. However, sometimes you do not see a student who is performing well and deserves recognition. It might be that they were involved in something extra-curricular. It does not take long to write a quick email like the one below and from experience the vast majority of parents welcome it. It can be quickly done in a PPA the next day or day after.

Dear Parent
I’m sorry I didn’t get the opportunity to see you at parents evening. I just wanted to drop you a quick email to say how impressed/pleased/encouraged I have been by …’s effort/progress/attainment in Spanish this year. Their participation / effort / speaking / written work is of a really high standard / excellent / showing some promise. Please pass on how pleased I am with them and they are a credit to you.
Kind regards
Teacher

If you’re not a fast typist, then most modern versions of Word have a dictate mode that is decent. Like all dictation software it will inevitably struggle with some pronunciation so do check before sending.

If you’re considering this approach for the trickier students then I would suggest a phone-call is an infinitely better approach. If you’re relatively new in your career and need to do this then seek out a supportive Head of Department or Head of Year for advice on how they might approach this kind of phone-call.

3x TL Phrase to use

We almost all play a game in our language lessons at some point. Whether it is the classic battleships, sentence stealer a la Conti, Steve Smith’s Alibi or some from EverydayMFL.

I propose pre-teaching three target language phrases before the game. These could fall into different categories. The table below gives you a few ideas. You can convert them into TL.

Game phrases	Horror Phrases	Gloating phrases	Moving along phrases	Delaying
Your turn	I can’t believe you just did that	I win	Come on	Wait a sec
You first	You’ve got to be kidding me	I win again	Hurry up	Wait a moment
My go	What are you doing?	I’m the best/champion	It is my turn yet	So…. Errrm…

Some games might lend themselves to specific vocabulary. For example, in battleships your three might be “hit”, “miss”, “sunk”.

You might have a hard to motivate set so if you feel your class are less likely to engage with this then get their partner to tick every time they hear one used. If their partner doesn’t hear any of them, then they don’t win.

The Obligatory World Cup Post.

Nov 1, 2022Aug 13, 2022 / dlh202 / Leave a comment

If you’re looking forward to enjoying the World Cup (2 weeks to go) then you’re probably a football fan or have Brazil, Spain, England (yep, I said it) or France in the staff sweep-stake. If you’re not enjoying the World Cup then chances are you’re not a fan of football, or the staff sweep-stake left you with Morocco or Qatar.

The World Cup does lend itself to a variety of activities to revise material you have likely covered this year…

Recapping clothes and colours

This is one of my favourite ways to teach adjective endings. Football kits lend themselves to this task as the link explains. This could also be achieved with the flags of the countries.

Developing opinions and reasons

CCO Public Domain

Why not get each member of your class to write a prediction? You could even involve yourself in this, particularly if you’re still bitter about the sweep-stake.

I think that <insert country here> is going to win

I believe that <team that is not England> is going to win

In my opinion <probably Spain> is going to win

You could change this depending on the ability of the students. Students could add a reason for their opinion “because they have better players”. You could use the “will” future in French and Spanish instead of going to. They could add superlatives “because Ronaldo is the best”. More advanced students could use a subjunctive: “I hope that”. There is an opportunity to revise descriptions and opinions “I like … because he/she is talented.” You could also teach some colloquial language.

Never ending debate

The opinions above can be turned into a never-ending debate (at least that’s the name I’m giving it for now). This is based on something I hazily recall from a video I saw by Greg Horton a number of years ago where students did something similar with school subjects (apologies to Greg if I have in anyway misrepresented what was going on in the video- happy to amend if needed). It requires some structuring from the teacher. Your slide/lesson resources will require the following:

A sentence builder with opinions similar to the ones above about who is going to win.
Some questions such as “do you think … have a chance?”
Some positive, negative, neutral opinions in your sentence builder.
Some colloquial phrases “no way”, “not in a million years”

Put students into 3s or 4s.

Student A (to student B): Who do you think will win?

Student B: “I think … is going to win because…” “What do you think student C?”

Student C: “No way! I think … is going to win because”

Student A: “not in a million years, … is going to win because”

There are 36 teams in the world cup, you should be fine to keep going for a while!

Ways I have found to make this more effective is to do the following:

Firstly, this one only works first time! Secondly, choose well. Get one student from each group and tell them that if the group is still talking French/German/Spanish after 2mins to silently raise their hand. You reward any groups with hands raised.
Tell students you are walking around and will reward anyone speaking really good French/Spanish/German. Write the names silently on a whiteboard and tell them afterwards. It’s a handy reminder to the rest that had they been doing it too, they would have had the reward.
Tell one student in the group to be deliberately controversial. “Yes Morocco are going to win the world cup because…”
Gradually remove/disappear parts of the sentence builder.
Put a timer on the screen. If students are still talking in TL when timer hits zero then there is a reward.

How are you going to watch the final – future tense revision.

Students produce their plans for the day of the final. There is an opportunity here for a short piece of writing involving time phrases, opinions, reasons and the future tense. If they are not planning to watch it at all then it is still good future tense practice. This is a great opportunity to teach some more complex structures such as “after having done…” or “before watching…”

Consequences Activity

Students write their name at the bottom of a piece of paper. They write a sentence at the top, fold it towards themselves and pass it on. They keep going until all the sentences have been written. It can produce something amusing. Watch the kids closely (you know the ones I mean).

In the morning I’m going to…

For lunch, I’m going to…

In the afternoon, I’m going to

For dinner, I’m going to..

After having eaten, I’m going to…

… and … are going to be in the final.

Phonics Practice

This is one I have used a number of times. I always wonder why students can pronounce any footballer but then get every other word with the same sound patterns wrong!

For Spanish teams, pick one of the South American sides. Far harder. Most of the Spanish team will be well known to your kids whereas Costa Rica or Honduras’ first elevens will not be well known.

Recap target sounds with students. For Spanish this may be G, J, CE, CI, LL among others. For French this might be silent endings or other sounds. For Germany this could be sounds with umlauts, “ch” endings or double vowels.

Option 1: students announce the team to their partner as if they were on TV reading out the lineup.

Option 2: students race through the team trying to beat their partner to the end.

Option 3: teacher goes through lineup and students have to spot the mistakes made and correct them. You could do this as a Conti style “faulty echo”. With faulty echo I tend to have students write “la primera” and “la segunda” on each side of a whiteboard. They show me after hearing both versions of the word and keep a points count going on their board.

Song Activities

I think England could have stopped at that John Barnes rap or Footballs Coming Home

Sergio Ramos was involved in this beauty…

How to exploit it…?

Well, I had some ideas but then found this superb guide on Frenchteacher.net Anything I write would simply be repeating the list.

Or use their Euro 2016 effort…

If you are a bit sick of the football, or your class is, then do the same with the song “Así Soy” It worked wonders with my Year 10 class.

Comparatives/Superlatives Revision

The world cup is an opportunity to revise comparatives and superlatives. Who is better, worse, faster, slower, uglier, less talented, more talented? Who is the best, worst, most irritating? There is a TES worksheet from a previous tournament that just needs a little bit of updating, based on who didn’t make it this year.

Player Biography / Description

Mira 3 has a section on biographies of famous people. Viva 2 does a similar page on musicians. Why not do the same with footballers. There is an opportunity here to practise the past tense with “he played for”, “he signed for”, “he was born in”. There is an opportunity for the present tense “she plays for”, “she is a defender”. I’m sure you can come up with even more ideas.

Whilst this post is predominantly about the World Cup, England quarter final hero and goalscorer Georgia Stanway has just joined Bayern Munich. A quick proofreading of this post shows that there has been a lot of French/Spanish emphasis so far so this is for the German teachers.

You could put together a reading text covering past career, present situation and future hopes.
You could use this text from FCBFrauen with an emphasis on cognates.
You could use it as a listening text. There is a “Text Vorlesen” option. It is a little stilted. Whilst I would normally advocate slowing listening texts with beginners, I’m not sure you would want to in this case.

Read some tweets

The vast majority of international teams are on Twitter, as are their players. You could screenshot a few and use them as a translation task. Example below:

"Hay siete jugadores que no han tenido minutos. Y esos siete, más los que hemos tenido minutos, han puesto todo al servicio del equipo. Somos gente que está haciendo todo lo posible por ser gente que merezca ganar": @CH14_ #NadaNosDetiene

— Selección Nacional (@miseleccionmx) June 26, 2018

Listening Bingo

Give students a selection of football related terms. You could record yourself commentating over a video clip, you could mute the clip and improvise on the spot, or use the original commentary (with advanced level)

Option 1: students select 5 terms and you play bingo. First person to hear all 5 wins.

Option 2: students have a list and tick off as many as they hear. People who get the correct number win.

Developing Target Language Teaching II

Sep 19, 2022Aug 15, 2022 / dlh202 / Leave a comment

There are many superb teachers of languages out there and if you are teaching your lessons perfectly in the target language then this post really is not for you. I wrote about this first in Developing Target Language Teaching however it has been an ongoing journey of improvement since. In 10 years, I’ve had to teach 3 different languages and am at varying levels with each. In a previous school, this meant all three in the same day on most days and hourly switching. If you are less confident with a language then this post is for you. If you are following NCELP schemes of work or similar then this is for you. If your department is more EPI influenced then a substantial amount of your target language input is probably coming from the LAM (listening as modelling) activities in the modelling, awareness-raising and receptive practice phases, however there may be something for you to take from it.

Routines

In my previous post, I wrote about how scripting was helpful. Lockdowns really helped with this. I began each lesson with the exact same language and it has stuck since. In my department, we moved from using command forms to “we’re going to”. This was partly due to the higher surrender value of “we’re going to” and it has worked a treat as students know a higher proportion of infinitives and are familiar with read/write/translate/speak etc. It also saves working out command forms in a variety of languages where they don’t come as naturally.

How do you start/finish a lesson?

It is well worth considering what are the first and last things that your classes hear from you? Is it target language? Is it comprehensible target language? Do you vary what you say depending on the level of the group?

Working it out Step by Step. This is how I set up a …

If you are teaching a language in which you are not particularly strong then it is a worthwhile use of a PPA to sit down and script out how you would set up a speaking / listening / reading / writing / translation task in that language and then check it by a more confident colleague. For example, let’s take a listening task. I’ll put the script in English below with “stage directions” in brackets.

We are going to listen (check understanding of listen, use gestures)
In your books, the information that you write is numbers / letters / positive / negative (check understanding, use gestures)
We are going to listen two times (gesture, make sure fingers correct way round, check understanding)
If it is dificult, possibly third time (gesture, check understanding).
Number 1 (let it play as per recording)
We are going to check
Number 1 = A
Who has number 1 correct? Hand up (gestures).
We are going to continue with 2,3,4,5 etc.
Afterwards we are going to correct it.

Get pupils to translate as you go.

My one caveat with setting up activities is that certain things are best done in English. I would argue these are (but not limited to):

Some games with high value (no snakes no ladders) are sometimes best explained in English the first time as ultimately the game is forcing the students to produce the language and you might arive at that quicker.
Grammar explanations. I find these are best done in English however practice activities after can normally be explained in TL.
Negative discipline with consequences. Best done in English so complete clarity exists.

Icons

Doug Lemov’s Teach like a Champion refers to “Means of Participation.” Essentially, Lemov’s premise is that students should know exactly how to join in with each phase of a lesson. Ben Newmark (whose blogs are well worth a read) writes: “Clarity and predictability around Means of Participation results in better lessons; better behaviour, clearer teaching and children who learn more. It results in pupils who accept the rules around lesson contributions as non-personal organisational routines that create a fair and purposeful environment.“ There are two ways to ensure that the means of participation in our lessons are clear. Firstly, we can frontload instructions as we mentioned above (in bold). Secondly, we can add simple icons to our PowerPoints. It could be argued that this is taking away the need to listen. On the contrary, I’ve found the icons tend to help weaker learners and the stronger ones will focus on my instructions anyway. I would also add that the icon is often accompanied by the infinitive underneath.

Praise Praise Praise

As language teachers we’re pretty good at praise. We know every word for good, amazing, brilliant, fantastic, splendid and we encourage the students to use them in their writing. I have friends who still know tres bien from their French lessons back in the late 90s but I’m not sure the feedback was that helpful. I’ve tried altering some of the praise I give to pupils in the target language. This was partly with an aim to making it more specific (yet still comprehensible) and also helping them to hear a greater diet of words. In bold below are some phrases I will often use in target language.

Your pronunciation was perfect (this one really builds confidence “I said it right”)

98% correct. One small problem. (highlight problem) Can you repeat? (pupil repeats) Perfect

Incredible. Applause for … Very long, lots of details (with actions and occasional writing of cognates on board, detalles = details).

Great answer, one more time, more confidence please.

I don’t agree (pause) but your Spanish was perfect (often used when student has expressed a view that I disagree with such as mushrooms are tasty, Manchester United aren’t as good as …)

“Again, more passion” or “Again, stronger” Our school is currently using SHAPE to help pupils formulate better responses. This relates to the P for projection.

Displays

I have been through many displays in my time but my target language phrases one is probably the most used in class. I cannot remember where I got the phrases from but having them at the front of the room is quite useful for pointing. The blog link above will give you a flavour of the ones on the wall.

Coaching & hits/misses

It takes time in a language you are less familiar with to develop target language teaching. I suggest you have a friendly colleague who can pop in as a coach. They can praise you when you are getting it right and persevering, which helps to reinforce the routines. They can also log your hits/misses. Were there moments when you used English but simple French/German/Spanish was possible? There is not always time to reflect in a school day and this can be really helpful as long as the process is developmental and not judgmental.

What to do when it slips

Let’s be honest, it slips when we’re tired, stressed, sleep-deprived, not had tea/coffee or when we’re lacking confidence because it’s language number 3 and not your best one or you’re ~~battling~~ teaching 8×6 on a friday period 5. At this point, it is simply a case of get back on track as soon as you can. Don’t beat yourself up. Things that I have done in the past are:

Stick TL phrases in weakest language to my desk.
Stick TL phrases inside front cover of planner.
Write a TL phrase at the top of my planner everyday for a week and try to get it into any lesson.
Leave your door open and use TL whenever someone walks past.
Tell yourself that someone is listening next door to see how much you’re using. Or actually have someone next door.
Spanish minute. No-one is allowed to talk unless what they are saying is in Spanish (including the teacher), set a student to monitor it.
Sometimes you just need to hit reset with a class. “I know we haven’t used as much … as I would like lately. I’ve done that too. We’re going to step it up a bit from Monday, be ready. I will be listening to hear you using …, there will be rewards if I hear lots of it from you. Likewise if you hear me using a bit too much English then you have to call me out on it.” This works better with more co-operative classes. The phrasing will need changing with less co-operative classes.

Language teaching can be exhausting. I have taught 5 new subjects to fill timetable gaps and languages seems to demand more energy than many of the others. It can be easy to slip into english, hopefully this post will help you Deutsch zu erhalten, maintenir votre français or mantener su espanol.

Evolution of Starters

Sep 1, 2022Aug 15, 2022 / dlh202 / Leave a comment

Over the time I have taught, the role and types of starter activity have varied massively. When I first started teaching, a starter was a quick activity to get the lesson off to a speedy start, ensure that every pupil was “doing something” and allow the teacher to deal with any admin (forgotten books, registers etc). The best starters were differentiated or had challenge tasks (with added chillis. If you don’t know what I mean by chillis, you’re probably better for it). This post is charting the journey of where I started to where I am now. As I researched for this post, I stumbled across MFLClassroomMagic who has a list of principles we should consider when planning starter tasks. I wish I had this list in the early days.

The Early Years

Match ups, gap fills, anagrams, spot the errors and two way translations were the name of the game in these days.

The Pros:

Quick to produce.
Environmentally friendly (no paper needed).
Accessible for most learners.
Easy to differentiate

The Cons

Were these cognitively demanding enough.
Would these have been better after introduction of vocabulary.
Students had to recall single words not chunks.

The Paper Based Ones

I went through a phase of paper based starters. I got to a point where I was quite quick at condensing them on to a page of 4 to a page (without needing a class set of magnifying glasses. These involved simple puzzles, gap fills or occasional Tarsia puzzles. For those unfamiliar with Tarsia, a tarsia puzzle is a shape divided into smaller shapes with clues along the inside lines that match. If you match them perfectly, you will create the shape.

*Example from Mrbartonmaths.com. Whilst not language-specific, you will see the principle.*

The Pros:

Quick to produce is using websites such as Discovery Education Puzzlemaker.
Every student has something in front of them with little excuse for not doing it.
Students do enjoy puzzles or working things out.
Fallen phrase, double puzzles and letter tiles were my go-to puzzles. Never wordsearches.

The Cons

Were these cognitively demanding enough?
Have enough glue-sticks to glue in the tarsia puzzles. Avoid tarsia puzzles during pollen season.
Sometimes took too long for some students and you would find them completing it in the lesson when they were meant to be on other things.
Again single words more likely so lost opportunity for longer chunks of transferable language.

The Vocabulary Test

I went through a phase in one school of vocabulary test starters based on learning homeworks. All students had vocabulary booklets and were allocated a section each week. 5 were Tl to English and 5 were English to TL.

The Pros:

Students had the resources, they just had to learn the phrases.
Rewards the diligent.
Workload light in terms of administering the test. Tests could be marked by partner.
Easy to differentiate to ability groups

The Cons

Working out what to do with those who don’t revise or process things slowly.
Regular repeated failure for students can be quite demoralising.
Harder to make work in mixed groups.
Some kids with dyslexic tendencies admitted they did not enjoy this part of the lesson.

I moved schools in 2018 and learning resources cannot be shared outside of the Trust so examples of the following cannot be given, even on request, sorry. As the Steve Smith style starters and “return of the vocabulary test” are no longer departmental or trust current practice (at least as starters, some of the activities may inevitably feature at other points in a lesson), then I will share them. The final one titled “The Hybrid” (sounds like a sci-fi film) is still in development and refinement. It may make an appearance on this blog one day.

The Steve Smith Style starters

I would characterise the next phase of my evolution as the “Steve Smith style starter.” This is not because they are solely Steve Smith creations (although they may indeed be) but mainly because they (and variations thereof) all appear in this nifty list on his website! One starter task that I cannot locate the author of (wondered if it might have been Kayleigh Merrick via Twitter. If you are reading this and it is you, and you’re not Kayleigh, then please let me know and I will happily link to your blog/Twitter feed), was “Find 4”. This could have been 4 ways to start a sentence, 4 items of vocabulary on a particular theme, 4 connecting words. One would assume that with such an activity marks would be awarded for creativity and originality.

The Pros:

Start/End the sentences. I always referred to it as “starts and ends.” Students enjoyed the freedom with this activity to finish the sentence. Your most creative students will enjoy finishing some of these, particularly anything that involves their classmates. Sentences such as “at the weekend … is going to” or this weekend (insert past tense activity here) said The Prime Minister (or any celeb, other teacher etc)
Activities like “change one thing” work really well. You can also colour some words so that half of the room change one thing and half of the room change another thing.
Convert the sentence from present to future was always challenging but I found worked better if an infinitive was given in brackets

The Cons

Keeping the creativity going with these is ever so slightly trickier.
Odd one out was a good activity and students would enjoy it but it helps to have some phrases so students can explain their decision in TL otherwise you risk going into English for too long. Phrases such as the ones below, allow for a bit more TL use.
- I think the odd one out is … because of the spelling / length /meaning / type of word
- I’ll be honest, it was a guess

Return of the Vocabulary Test

Our school moved to silent starts of lessons for the first 10minutes for all subjects and all lessons. This meant we had to be creative in what we did with our first 10mins that did not involve talking. In that time, students would have 10 phrases to change from English to TL. They were tested on the same phrases for 3-4 lessons in a row so that they got better at them.

The Pros:

Allowed testing of chunks and single words chosen by the teacher.
A positive marking scheme of “2 points for perfect 1 for close” rewarded effort.
Questions could get progressively tougher.
Students repeatedly tested on the same chunks.
Worked well in remote learning.

The Cons

Bit repetitive.
Hard to stop students checking previous page in book for answers.
Always had to go through answers, some students would copy down during this and maybe not think enough during the test.

The Hybrid

Where we are now, is a place I’m quite happy about. It takes some of the better elements of all the above. It ticks most of the boxes on MFL Classroom Magic’s list. It is not perfect (few things in education are perfect) but the direction of travel seems right There are two tasks to complete in our first ten minutes, with the suggestion they apportion their time appropriately. Elaborating on this will have to wait for another day.

Final Words

Hopefully this post stirs you to thought. Maybe that thought is “I’m really glad my school does … and not what I have just read.” Sometimes it’s quite nice to be reminded we are doing the right thing. Maybe that thought is “I can’t believe Everydaymfl is not doing this awesome thing which we do, he absolutely should know about this awesome thing!” If that is your thought then please drop it straight in the comments.

However, that thought might be “I should really look at our department starters ahead of the new term.” If the ideas above have not hit the spot then I would whole-heartedly recommend this list from MFLClassroom Magic for 25+ more ideas (with added templates). If you’re stuck after that then ask your team, they might just have a brilliant idea.

Dear Santa. For my PGCE in MFL, I would like…

Nov 1, 2021Aug 28, 2021 / dlh202 / Leave a comment

Time for a reflective post. After seeing some trainees move on to a new school, I got thinking about what I have learnt since my PGCE and things I wished I had learnt when I trained back in 2011-2012.

When I trained, there was a time of flux in teaching. We had just embarked upon the era of controlled assessment, the Department for Education was headed up by Gove and OFSTED were very keen on progress in lessons, in books and engagement. We were taught about the importance of literacy and numeracy, teaching that suited student’s learning styles and differentiation. We covered behaviour and voice management twice over that year. We learnt about what Ofsted wanted in terms of engagement. All students had to be “engaged”, teacher talk had to be minimal, mini-plenaries were regular and objectives had to be clearly stated and revisited to demonstrate that all learners had made progress in that 50 minute lesson. Most CPD was either going on a course, watching another teacher, or being watched yourself, which carried with it the aforementioned expectations. Webinars, podcasts and even blogs were in their infancy. At the time I remember my main sources of internet based CPD being Frenchteacher.net, Classteaching and Tom Sherrington’s blog. All of these were and are quality blogs and have clearly stood the test of time. If you are starting out in your career, I would recommend the teachers guide you can find on Frenchteacher (although for an expanded version you can buy Steve’s books on Amazon) and Tom’s Pedagogy Postcards.

In MFL specifically, we were taught activities for lessons. We were taught to progress towards production. We were taught how to conduct a textbook listening (play once with no questions, play once with questions, play again with questions and breaks then go through answers), how to help students prepare for their controlled assessments and learn chunks of text. However, I don’t recall my course mentioning Macaro, Field, Krashen, Van Patten and it sadly pre-dated the advent of Rachel Hawkes‘s website and Gianfranco Conti’s writings. I discovered Steve Smith‘s blog reasonably earlier on and found it invaluable. Schools that were using technology tended to use the triumvirate of Linguascope, languagesonline (to be fair I am still using this), or Atantot.

Over time, I have had to unlearn a lot of what I learnt on my PGCE. Learning Styles were dispatched by Daniel T Willingham (whose book “Why don’t students like school?” received the everydaymfl treatment here). Mini-plenaries started to fade out of the MFL vocabulary. Yellow backgrounds, blue writing and comic sans (shudder) were highlighted as the dyslexia friendly PowerPoint combination at the time, whereas the British Dyslex!a Association now have some great recommendations. Teaching has changed a lot. In some ways for the better and in other ways less so. Reflecting that at a subject level, MFL has changed a lot.

If I was designing a PGCE for MFL now, I would hope that it answers the questions below over the year. If it doesn’t then, I am aware that there are a number of excellent books by Steve smith and Gianfranco Conti that will help in doing so. I would hope that your PGCE also teaches you what we might call the generic elements of teaching that apply across all subjects. By generic elements I’m referring to the kind of thing you might find in Rosenshine’s Principles or Lemov’s Teach like a Champion.

Anyway, from the MFL side of things. Here goes…

Dear Santa.

For my PGCE in MFL, I would like…

Speaking

How do we teach pronunciation?
How do we teach phonics?
How do we help reluctant speakers to speak more?
How do we develop the memory of short reusable chunks of language?
What speaking activities are developing learner’s memory and ability to deploy phrases?
How do we make the TL the regular language of classroom interaction?
How do we develop a culture of “everyone talks”?

Listening

How do we develop listening skills?
What different ways are there to conduct a textbook listening?
How do we make listening feel less like a test?
How do we use transcripts effectively without giving students all the answers?
What is comprehensible input?

Reading

How do you use a reading text progressively so that activities become more challenging?
How do we teach readers how to read and avoid guesswork?
How does reading help acquisition of language?
How do you get the balance between a text that is 98% comprehensible and not making it too easy?
How do we support students with a primary school level reading age in reading a foreign language?
How do we integrate authentic texts, literary texts and short stories in such a way that they can be challenging but accessible?

Writing

How do we help students to structure writing?
How do we help students to use the language that they know better?
How do we help lower ability students to write 90 words?
How do we help students of high ability to write in a way that prefers them for A-level?
What should a student be able to write in Y7, Y8, Y9, Y10, Y11?
How do we help students in contexts where they may never have been on holiday to answer the question “¿Adónde fuiste de vacaciones?”

Grammar

What grammar should be taught at what stage?
How do you stop students saying things like “me gusta juego” and “me hago” etc? (asking for a friend…)
How do we teach some of the areas of grammar that do not have simple English equivalents such as the partitive article in French, subjunctive in Spanish and cases in German?

Vocabulary

How do we ensure learners get a good balance of nouns, adjectives and verbs when textbooks seem to be very noun heavy?
How can we make use of web-based applications to help reinforce and extend vocabulary?

Target Language

How do we use target language in lessons so that it is comprehensible?
How do you maintain target language throughout a lesson in a language you are less confident with?
How do you adapt your target language to the ability of the group in front of you?
How do you encourage learners to use more the target language in lessons?
What do you do when learners start to use *&£$%^ words they have looked up in a lesson?

Second language acquisition theories & concepts

What theories have dominated the field of second language acquisition?
What can we take from each and use in practice?
What are the current theories? What are their benefits? How can we use this to enhance teaching?

Memory

What is retrieval practice and how does it apply to MFL?
How can we use homework to effectively combat Ebbinghaus’ forgetting curve?
Rather than simply telling students to “learn vocab”, how can we do it in ways that ensure longer term retention and more thorough processing?
How does the brain store and retrieve language?
How do you revisit content so that students “know and remember more” without it being too repetitive that they switch off and lose interest?

Lesson Planning

What are good starter tasks for MFL lessons?
How do you phrase a good lesson objective for an MFL lesson?
How do you sequence activities to reach that objective?
Is it appropriate to have production every lesson?
How do you plan a sequence of lessons over time so that content is revised effectively?
How do you adapt lessons for SEND learners?
What are the common barriers dyslexic students face in MFL and what are the most effective ways to overcome them?
How do you check for understanding quickly and effectively?

Transitions

What are the common barriers that learners face moving into secondary school from primary?
How do we overcome these barriers?
How can we develop closer links with primary schools when time, resources and funding are limited?
How can we ensure learners are ready for A-level so that the jump is not too big?
How can we develop closer links with sixth forms to increase progression?
How do you drive up options numbers in a school where languages are not prioritised highly?
In a Welsh context where many students have to study Welsh, how do you drive up options numbers as any foreign language is additional and cuts down on the amount of option choices a student has?

Status:

How do you raise the profile of MFL?
What profile raising projects are most effective?
How do you raise the profile of MFL in a school with low budgets?
How do you combat the “I did GCSE FRench and I can’t remember any of it” line on parents evening?
How do you combat the “I’m never going to need … anyway” line from students?

On changing schools

Sep 1, 2021Aug 28, 2021 / dlh202 / Leave a comment

A few years ago, I moved schools and forgot to post this. Maybe you have moved school and this one could be useful to you.

I learnt a lot from MFL teachers and colleagues in other departments my first school. I developed a lot as a teacher and a person. I worked with some amazing teachers and fantastic students. However, the time had definitely arrived where a change was needed.

Maybe you’re thinking the same? You could be contemplating the next rung up the ladder, a change of scenery, a change of department or a change of key stage. In this post, I’ll look at things that remain the same, things that change and things that help to hit the ground running. Perhaps the biggest thing I noticed in moving is that everything is the same and yet simultaneously everything is different. Hopefully the rest of the blog unpicks that paradoxical statement.

SAME

Kids are still kids. It might be the most obvious thing to say but even if you are moving to a more challenging school then it is worth bearing in mind: they are still children. Some will try to push boundaries, unsettle the new person and test you. Others will get on board immediately and give you no problems at all. The adoption bell curve model from the business world suggests that when selling change or a vision to a group you will have the following clusters of people. From my limited experience so far, I have found this model remarkably applicable to classrooms. The following was paraphrased from Forbes

Innovators (2.5% of population). These guys will get on board with anything new.
Early Adopters (13.5% of population). People who drive change in an organisation, quite often leaders.
Early majority (34%). People who join once they see the benefits of the change.
Late majority (34%). Skeptics. People who join after the early majority. Often will need some convincing or coaxing.
Laggards (16%). People who are stuck in their ways. These are tricky to convince.

If you get the first 3 groups then you are at 50%. The subsequent 34% will likely start to tip the balance in your classes. Of that 34% there will be some quite late adopters who don’t fall into the “laggards” category. If even half of those get on board then you are at 67%.

It is worth adding at this point that while kids are still kids, you will see variations depending on the schools you move between. You may move from a moderately challenging catchment to a less challenging one, or from the frying pan into the fire. Parents may have different expectations, which then influences in-classroom behaviour. Don’t be afraid to approach your DSL and pastoral team to get a better idea of the challenges and overall character of the catchment.

You are good at your subject and teaching it. You have qualifications including GCSEs, A-levels, a degree and a PGCE. You may even have more letters after your name. You may be a native speaker of a language or at near-native level in many languages. You are the one that has trained to teach this subject. You know a variety of methods, strategies, stories and ways to make the subject come to life and engage learners. Your enthusiasm and love for your subject will carry people with you. You know all the advice you have been given over time. In a new setting, you have a great opportunity to further improve but also develop new habits. Your new department may also have certain initiatives that may develop your teaching and alter your lessons in a way you had not expected. You will have different people observing you and giving you feedback, which hopefully makes you even better at your job.

DIFFERENT

Starting points vary wildly. This was probably the one that took me by surprise most. Going from a comprehensive school with a number of feeder primaries to another comprehensive school with a number of feeder primaries, I made the assumption that the year 7s would be similar. I was wrong. Get to know your catchment and their starting points. In addition, in languages, we have the added complexity of the patchwork nature of primary school MFL. There are primary schools out there doing sterling work, however the experience of languages held by your students can vary wildly. This may have an impact upon your Year 7.

New/Old is not always better. It is really easy to make comparisons between your previous and current departments. We make sense of things often by comparing to expectation or experience. In changing schools you could go from the frying pan into the fire, or from the fire into the frying pan, or just from one kitchen worktop to another (if that’s not stretching the metaphor too far). The key is accepting that it is different and not necessarily better or worse. Learning when to play the “in my old department” card is key. Don’t do it too often, but if it is a strong strategy that makes a tangible difference to pupils learning then there is no reason not to suggest it.

Context is crucial. One of your first jobs in starting at the new school is to gain an understanding of the context you are in.

What is the area/estate like?
What challenges do the kids face outside of school?
How involved are parents?
How many go on to further study?

Subject status in your school may be different

Maybe you have moved from a school where everybody does languages to one where it is optional. Maybe languages are highly valued by SLT; maybe they are not. These are aspects of life in your new school that you may need to navigate. Remember: you were picked at interview because of what you offered. What can you offer your school to raise the profile of MFL? How can you help to improve uptake or outcomes?

HITTING THE GROUND RUNNING

Know the key people. Having a HoD, HoY or SLT member to call on in difficult situations does help. Obviously try to deal with it yourself first but if you need to refer up the food chain then do it. Don’t be afraid to call a parent positively or negatively.

Know your students. Seating plans are invaluable. Learn their names as quickly as possible. Be interested in what they tell you even if you don’t understand TikTok. Praise effort. Don’t overlook the quiet kids. Jamie Thom writes “If the adjective “quiet” is used, it is often pejorative: “Daniel is a lovely student, but he is very quiet. He really needs to speak up more.” How are you going to ensure the quiet kids in your class are able and confident in a subject which requires a lot of talk.

Know the systems. Behaviour policies and practices are crucial in making a smooth start. One colleague advised me to be “firm, fair and consistent”. That sounds manageable but is not always easy to pull off. Stick to the behaviour policy and when the inevitable “but in Mr Mainwaring’s class…”* is voiced then the answer is “maybe…but I’m asking you to…”

*as with most names on this website Mr Mainwaring is taken from television

Invest in relationships. Put time into getting to know the kids you are teaching. Get involved in something outside your subject. Get to know your tutor group. Be human. Acknowledge mistakes if and when you make them. Remember you are allowed to smile before Christmas but definitely maintain your high expectations throughout the year.

Invest in routines. How do you start the lesson? In my current school, all lessons start with a silent starter task. It’s helpful in terms of setting the tone and expectation. Use the first five lessons with each class to teach your routines (and more if necessary). How do you expect students to start? How do you expect them to participate? How do you use mini-whiteboards? How do you finish lessons?

Stick at it. The first year in a new school can be tough. In many ways, the second year is easier. Students know you. In my experience, students will often check their new timetable by their peers or their siblings. “I’ve got Mr Wilson and Mr Jones this year, what are they like?” Quite often, I have found students decide quite quickly that you are “ok” based on their sibling’s or friend’s opinion. Or sometimes they decide the contrary and need winning round! I was told shortly before the end of term by a Y10 student I taught in Y8 “we all really loved that lesson at the start of the week.” It was a great class and I genuinely looked forward to Monday P1 that year. I will guarantee now that not every class says that about me!! However, these guys carry that impression of lessons 2 years later and will pass it on to their siblings and their peers. Returning to our Forbes model, it does help increase your early adopters and early majority in the subsequent years.

Lean on support when necessary

Sometimes you will need to lean on the experience of others. In the early days at a new school, there will be things you don’t know or didn’t absorb in the INSET day. Sometimes this support will come from teachers and other times from students “Sir, have you taken the register yet?” Don’t be afraid to ask the “how” questions of your pastoral team, heads of year, heads of department, SEND team or tutors. How do I get the best out of Charles Godfrey? How does Joe Walker do in your lessons? Jack Jones seems to struggle with …, what works with him?

If you are changing schools this September, then I offer you my very best wishes. I hope you have a great start, you meet some great classes and just happen to have a free lesson P5 on a Friday.

Everyday Displays

Aug 19, 2021Oct 30, 2025 / dlh202 / 2 Comments

Over the past 9-10 years, I have had a number of classroom displays. I’ll be the first to admit, I’m not very artistic. I look at some of the displays I see on Twitter and think “that looks incredible”, shortly followed by “I could never do that.” If you search MFL displays on Twitter you will soon see what I mean, along with a wonderfully deadpan nativity one! Here is what I can do with my limited artistic abilities and have done. Hopefuly ahead of the new term, it inspires some ideas.

When it comes to displays, I think there two types of display:

Learning
Inspiring

The kind of questions we need to be asking are:

How does this display help my students learning, or help me while teaching?
Is this display doing the thinking for them or making them do some thinking?
Is this helping to inspire a love of languages, an understanding of their value or an appreciation of culture?

I have 4 display boards in my classroom.

Display Board 1 (front) – TL phrases I want students to use in lessons

Display Board 2 (side) – Phonics board – this is an experiment from September

Display Board 3 (back) – Why study langauges

Display Board 4 back) – Map of Spain

My Current Displays

I’m aware that some people out there argue in favour of a “less is more” approach from a perspective of aiming to reduce visual stimulus in a classroom. I can completely see their point of view and definitely lean more towards this now than I did when I first started teaching.

Display Board 1: TL Phrases

I cannot find the original online so it is entirely possible my Head of Department made this. The phrases on this board are largely similar to this one on TES: https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/spanish-classroom-language-mat-12359711 The overriding aim in any display like this is that it has to be stuff that students are actually going to use. We have quite a strict equipment policy in our school so any “I have forgotten a pen/book” phrase is out. The rationale for having this at the front of the room is that I can just tap the board if a pupil asks me something in English that could easily be done in Spanish. Phrases it includes are:

“te toca a ti” (your turn) “espera un momento” (wait a second) “lo he dicho bien?” (did I say it right?)

he puesto (I’ve put…) “creo que es” (i think it’s…) “no es justo” (it’s not fair)

Display Board 2: Phonics

Credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/jeffdjevdet/20611280311
Owner requests speedpropertybuyers.co.uk/ be credited

This is an experiment for this year. I wanted pupils to be a bit more conscious of how words are formed in Spanish and essentially take a bit more responsibility in working out how they are said. That way if someone says “I don’t know how to say it”, they can break the word down and reconstruct it. This uses some enlarged slides from Rachel Hawkes’ phonics powerpoints here.

Display Board 3: Why study languages

Question Mark Response - Free image on Pixabay

This one is at the back of the room so chances are students are only going to see it when they are a) walking in and b) turning around to look at the clock (how dare they!). It could be more prominently placed if my classroom allowed for it but the material on there is large enough to read even with a cursory glance. Again, I am not the most artistic of people so my first trip was to Instant Displays for some lettering and then to use these resources from NST.

Display Board 4: Map of Spain

File:CCAA of Spain (Blank map).PNG - Wikimedia Commons

If I’m honest this is the one I am most proud of. It took a while to make so here is how:

You will need:

yellow and blue display paper
A marker pen
a projector that projects on to a whiteboard

Here is how to do it:

Find this map of Spain.
Fix yellow display paper to your whiteboard.
Project map on to the yellow paper.
Draw around the outline map adding dots for places.
Remove yellow paper from whiteboard.
Cut it out.
Cover display board in blue paper (sea).
Fix your map of Spain in the middle.
Write on the places.
Don’t forget the Canary Islands and the Balearic Islands.

This tends to be used quite regularly in lessons particularly when a place is mentioned in a text. It can be quite helpful to say: “This place is here. If you have been to … then you were not very far way from it.”

One year we also put some stars on places where students and staff in the school had been to Spain and where.

With apologies to Portugal.

Other things on the walls

The Weather: Students in our lessons write the date, learning aim (post on learning aims and objectives in the works) and weather.

Numbers 1-20: This is quite useful for lower ability classes when getting feedback on tasks. “How many people scored …?” Or for randomly selecting the next person. “Charlie, pick a number between 1-20.” you count along the rows for the next person. This is of course when you are not using Wheel of Names.

Both of these can be found at Instant Displays.

Spanish Speaking countries: This is quite a nice poster set by Twinkl. You can check it out here.

My Past Displays

The Sentence Builder

In the past I have turned a display into a giant sentence builder. The sentence builder was modelled on one in this video from Vincent Everett (the sentence builder appears at the 3min 20), which uses modal verbs and infinitives. It was extremely helpful to students, however I quickly learnt I needed to cover it up during tests!!! He also has an excellent blog, which you should check out. His Toblerone idea will be making it into a lesson in September.

Origami Houses

You can find out how to make these here

I set up a display board as above and then populated it with the origami houses that the students had made. I asked a few students to print off some useful vocabulary that could float in clouds in the sky, which they duly did….only with a few additions such as the house from Up! and the Death Star from Star Wars.

The Three Tenses Board

This was quite a simple idea from my previous Head of Department but effective. It contained 30 phrases all students had to know. His original looked something like the table below. I will let you decide what verbs should make it into the 30.

Past	Present	Future
J’ai mangé	Je mange	Je vais manger
J’ai bu	Je bois	Je vais boire

Teaching Spanish at the time I simply adapted the phrases. Again, this was a “cover up during assessments” board.

Hopefully, this has inspired you with a few ideas. I have probably done others that I cannot remember but these are the ones that I feel answered the three questions best.

5 Things to try tomorrow

May 9, 2019May 9, 2019 / dlh202 / Leave a comment

My new years resolution of at least one post a month has not been kept. Sorry if you stopped by in April looking for some MFL inspiration. However, here are 5 activities you can try with your classes tomorrow…or after the weekend!

4 in a row translation practice

Photo by Miguel Á. Padriñán on Pexels.com

This was inspired by a game on my old Nokia (the only one they made that didn’t have Snake on it). Pupils draw a 5×5 grid on miniwhiteboards. You project a 5×5 table of phrases they must translate. The winner is the first to score 4 in a row. It’s like connect 4 but you can start anywhere. The translations could be into English, or into the target language. My preference is for the latter. This works well when when you want to do some structured production before moving on to something more creative afterwards. The example below shows a close battle between two students.

Considerably richer than you…

Photo by Skitterphoto on Pexels.com

This was inspired by a Harry Enfield sketch in which a character often pointed out to others that he was considerably richer than them. Having recently taught house and home this works rather well. Jed makes a basic statement such as “in my house I have …”. His partner Leo then has to better the statement in some way. This could be as simple as turning it plural or extending it.

Jed: “In my house I have a garage.”

Leo: “In my house I have 2 garages with a ferrari.”

Jed: “In my house I have a bathroom.”

Leo: “In my house I have 4 bathrooms and a swimming pool..”

Scattergories

Photo by Startup Stock Photos on Pexels.com

This is a good revision activity if you need a quick activity for year 11. 10 categories on a slide and then give them a letter to begin with. Pupils have 1 minute come up with ideas. If someone else in the class has the word then they get no points. If no-one has it then they get a point. This can be done in teams or alone. An example list is below.

animals you wouldn’t have as pets
School subjects
Colours
Weather
Hobbies
Festivals
Adjectives
House
Holiday
Food

Slowing listening on Windows Media Player or VLC

Photo by Song kaiyue on Pexels.com

Students often find listening texts tough. Some of the textbooks I have used over the past few years are exposing Year 7 to near-native speaker speeds and then give them a tricky activity to do! A decent textbook that we often use had a good listening activity for practising directions but with a low ability year 8 group. Groups like these often see listening as a test. I slowed the track down to 0.7-0.8 of the speed. It seemed to work, they found it slightly easier to pick out the language they were hearing and complete the activity.

In Windows Media Player, open any track. At the top there is are: file | view | play | Under “view” you should see “enhancements” and then “play speed settings”.

If using VLC, then it is even easier. Under playback look for “speed” and it has “slow” and “slower” options.

You will need to use your judgement for when this is appropriate.

Vocabulary Championship

man wearing blue suit jacket beside woman with gray suit jacket

Photo by rawpixel.com on Pexels.com

With exams approaching, I gave my foundation year 11 group a series of vocabulary tests consisting of common words from the exam board’s minimum vocabulary list. We mark them, write in any that they didn’t know, glue them in books for revision later and then I collect in the scores. There are prizes awarded as follows:

Top score in a single lesson
Top 3 at the end of the week
Top 3 scores of fortnight (this may not be the same three as end of first week)

The scores then reset from zero for the following week. Each lesson, I would hint at the themes/topics for the next test. Some students really will surprise you with their efforts.

Developing Target Language Teaching

Mar 23, 2019Mar 23, 2019 / dlh202 / 1 Comment

Every now and again on Facebook groups such as Global Innovative Language Teachers, Secondary MFL Matters and Secondary MFL in Wales, a discussion will arise surrounding the use of target language. Almost all responses advocate regular use of the target language. My first Head of Department would emphasise how target language use needed to be “judicious”. By that he meant appropriate to the group and well-thought out by the teacher. A brief search of the aforementioned Facebook groups suggests anything in the region of 70-80% of teacher talk should be in the target language. Some teachers also make the point that any target language in class needs to be comprehensible to the majority of students. This is illustrated most clearly by a story Rachel Hawkes tells of how a student developed the misconception that everything had to be done in ten days. The teacher in her story was checking her class had understood tasks by using the Spanish phrase: “entendéis.”

Almost every MFL blog out there has a post on target language so here is a small selection for your perusal.

You may well ask why I’m writing a post on target language use if it has been done already. I wondered that for a while too! This post is very much about developing teacher target language use. This post is primarily for three types of people.

PGCE trainees and NQTs getting to grips with using the TL in the classroom.
Experienced teachers teaching another language, with which they are less familiar.
Teachers who wish to increase their TL use.

This post draws on some experiences that I have had over the years. I was once a PGCE trainee and an NQT. I have had to teach a third language. There have also been times where the amount of target language has dropped with a particular group and I have needed to raise it. Here are some ways to get started:

Script the lesson

On my PGCE, I remember filling out 2-3 page lesson plans detailing all the things I was going to do. Thankfully, my plans are shorter now.

Scripting interactions that I intend to have with a class can bring about some real improvements in TL use. For a while I had to teach my weakest language (French). To ensure that the students were getting a decent diet of TL, some scripting was necessary. By scripting the various aspects of the lesson: welcoming, admin (books out etc), instructions for activities, vocabulary to use during activities and finishing the lesson, I was able to give them that.

This approach does mean more work and is not always practical to do every lesson. However, I think it pays off. Over time the students grow accustomed to it and it becomes habitual for you. It can have a beneficial effect in your strongest language too. You may find that you can condense instructions, deliver more comprehensible input and also better integrate the language that students have learnt recently into your teaching.

Photo by rawpixel.com on Pexels.com

Yellow box

I was told by my previous Head of Department that a teacher he worked with had a yellow box painted on the floor of their classroom. When in the yellow box, she would only speak TL . Students realised that they needed to listen carefully when the teacher was in that position in the room as that is where instructions came from. My former Head of Department said that teacher was one of the best at using the TL in a classroom that he had ever seen. Your site team, SLT, caretaker or cleaner may have issues with this approach, masking tape may suffice!

Photo by rawpixel.com on Pexels.com

Count the instances.

This is exactly what it says. Count the instances where you use target language and when you use English. If the emerging picture is more favourable towards target language then great, aim to build on it! If not, then there is work to do! If you are a PGCE trainee or NQT, a mentor could do this for you. They could also look at the times English was used and suggest some changes to make.

Photo by Mat Brown on Pexels.com

Ask for help.

When teaching French, I was fortunate to have two very supportive colleagues who would occasionally help me out with pronunciation, words I was unfamiliar with or aspects of French culture. There is nothing wrong with asking for help, after all it means the students benefit! Another way to develop is a non-judgemental peer-observation Could an experienced colleague watch part of your lesson and offer some feedback on your pronunciation or TL phrases you could use?

Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.com

Have a list

For a while I had a list of TL phrases in my weakest language stuck by my desk. The textbook also had a great list in the back of the book! Pick a new phrase or two you would like to use. Try and get it into every lesson over a two or three week period. You could put them at the top of a planner page for a week or so and try to use them.

Photo by Suzy Hazelwood on Pexels.com

Listening activities

Listening activities traditionally come from textbooks but there is nothing to stop you devising your own. It increases the amount of TL the pupils hear from you. It is great pronunciation practice if you’re teaching a language you are less familiar with. You can then pitch the listening at an appropriate pace. You are free to remove the asinine additions where the people on the recording share a normally unfunny joke and your class are wondering: “what just happened?!”

Conclusion

Like any aspect of teaching, target language use can be improved. Forming habits is tough (as anyone who has started using a gym will know). It takes time. Jason Selk from Forbes makes the point that Serena Williams did not stop practising her serve after 21 days, assuming she had it cracked. She kept going and still does. It is the same with us. Teaching is a craft and to be a master of that craft takes time and deliberate practice. Hopefully the ideas above play a small part in helping you develop, refine and improve your teaching.

Everyday MFL

Ideas for the everyday MFL teacher.

MFL Teaching and Learning

A Quiet MFL – enabling quieter and introverted students to thrive in a languages classroom

Cultural Capital: Strategies for Language Classrooms

Transforming Language Teaching: Insights from Other Subjects

Can you mark whole class set of reading/listenings in 1 PPA? Definitely!

Time-Saving Tips for Teachers: Work Smarter, Not Harder

GCSE: Teaching the Celebrity Culture topic

Key Ingredients for Outstanding MFL Lessons

5 Things to Try Tomorrow

Turning Around Challenging Classes: Strategies for Success

The New New GCSE

Everyday Mini-whiteboards

5 things to try tomorrow

The Obligatory World Cup Post.

Developing Target Language Teaching II

Evolution of Starters

Dear Santa. For my PGCE in MFL, I would like…

On changing schools

Everyday Displays

My Current Displays

Other things on the walls

My Past Displays

5 Things to try tomorrow

Developing Target Language Teaching